十一、名词性从句-精讲精练【思维导图突破初中英语语法】（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 十一、名词性从句 **初中语法中宾语从句的用法** 宾语从句在句子中作宾语，一般位于及物动词、介词或某些形容词后面。 宾语从句的三要素包括：引导词、语序和时态。 **一、引导词**： - 当宾语从句是陈述句时，用 that 引导，that 在句中无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。例如：I think (that) he is a good student. - 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，用 if 或 whether 引导，意为“是否”。例如：I don't know if/whether he will come. - 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，用特殊疑问词引导。例如：Could you tell me where the bank is **二、语序**： 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即“主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分”。例如：He asked what you were doing. （不是 what were you doing） **三、时态**： - 主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用各种时态。 - 主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态。例如：He said he was reading a book at that time. 但如果从句表示的是客观真理、自然现象等，从句时态用一般现在时。例如：The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. **四、温馨提醒** 在使用宾语从句时需要注意以下几点： 1. 宾语从句的语序 - 宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。例如：He asked where the library was. （不能是 where was the library ） 2. 时态的一致性 - 主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据实际情况而定。主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用相应的过去时态，但客观真理除外。比如：The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun. （地球绕太阳转是客观真理，用一般现在时） 3. 引导词的选择 - 根据从句的类型选择合适的引导词。陈述句用 that 引导，一般疑问句用 if 或 whether 引导，特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导。例如：Do you know if/whether he will come ；Could you tell me how I can get there 4. 宾语从句与简单句的转换 - 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中有“should + 动词原形”等结构时，可以把宾语从句转换为“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构。例如：I don't know what I should do. 可以转换为 I don't know what to do. 5. 宾语从句的否定转移 - 当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose 等时，宾语从句的否定要转移到主句。例如：I don't think you are right. （不能是 I think you aren't right. ） **练习与巩固** 牛刀小试-单项选择题 1. I don't know _____. A. where does he come from B. where he comes from C. where did he come from D. where he came from 2. Could you tell me _____ A. when will they leave B. when they will leave C. when they would leave D. when would they leave 3. The teacher said that the moon _____ around the earth. A. goes B. went C. going D. to go 4. We don't know _____ it next. A. how to do B. what to do C. what to do with D. how to do with 5. Please tell me _____. A. what is wrong with the boy B. what wrong is with the boy C. what was wrong with the boy D. what wrong was with the boy 6. I want to know _____. A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after 7. He asked me _____ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I have been C. where had I been D. where have I been 8. Do you know _____ the man with sunglasses is A. who B. what C. where D. how 9. Can you tell me _____ A. when did he come B. when ... ...