(
课件网) Unit 4 Problems and advice Grammar 什么是句子？ 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！ I am a student. Are you a student How beautiful our school is ! 句子成分 主语（subject） 谓语（predicate） 宾语（object） 补语（complement） 状语（adverbial） 定语（attributive） I met my best friend Tom at the playground yesterday. 主语 subject The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. What has happened proved that we are right. 一般位于句首，由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当 谓语 predicate 表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。 He practices running every morning. You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. We are students. 实义动词 情态动词+动词原形 助动词+动词的适当形式 连系动词 及物动词 vs. 不及物动词 He has arrived the airport. He has reached the airport. 误 正 arrived at 拓展内容 可以直接接宾语的动词叫做及物动词 (vt.) He can hear the music. My uncle reached the airport. 不能直接接宾语的动词叫做不及物动词 (vi.) You are not listening! My uncle arrived. 如果不及物动词后要接宾语则需要用介词。 You are not listening to me! My uncle arrived at the airport. 及物动词 hear reach see 不及物动词 listen (to) arrive (in/at) get (to) look (at) “听” “到达” “看” 宾语 object 表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后。 They went to see the running match yesterday. I enjoy running with my classmates. We should learn from her. Direct object and indirect object 直接宾语和间接宾语 句子的谓语动词是give, bring, buy, send时，后面可接两个宾语。 直接宾语（DO）和间接宾语（IO） 当间接宾语位于直接宾语后时，需要加上to或for。 The braces have brought so much trouble to me. S V DO IO 下列动词后用to：bring，feed，give，hand，lend，offer，pass，pay，post，sell，send，show，take，teach，tell，write。 下列动词后用for：book，buy，choose，cook，fetch，leave，make，order，pick，reserve，save。 Give these papers _____ my secretary. Could you make some coffee _____ me Miss Lin taught a new song _____ the kids. Please pass that juice _____ your brother Don’t show these plans _____ anyone. Leave a message _____ my secretary. Write a letter _____ the headmaster. to for to to to to to 补语 complement I feel embarrassed. The braces hurt my teeth. 宾语：动作作用的对象 主语补语：对主语行进补充说明 主 谓 S V 主语补语 SC 系动词后是补语 普通动词后是宾语 主 谓 S V 宾 O She is driving me mad. 主语补语：对主语行进补充说明 宾语补语： 主 谓 S V 宾语补语 OC 宾 O 对宾语进行补充说明 常用于这种结构的动词有： The movie made me sad. This coat will keep you warm. I find this book very interesting. We consider Einstein (as) a hero. My little sister drove me mad yesterday. 主+谓+宾+宾补 S + V + O + OC 宾语补语：对宾语进行补充说明 状语 adverbial 1. How about meeting again at six 2. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. 3. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain ... ...
