专题三———形”、“态” 多变的动词 语法项目六 谓语动词———时态、语态和主谓一致 谓语动词指的是在句子中可以单独作谓语的动词,主要包括实义动词和动词短语。一个简单句有且只能有一个谓语动词。若是由多个简单句组成的并列句或复合句,则有几个简单句就应有几个谓语动词。谓语动词常考查点为动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。 考点多维突破 【动词的时态】 分类 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般式 do/does did shall/will do should/would do 进行式 am/is/are doing was/were doing shall/will be doing should/would be doing 完成式 have/has done had done shall/will have done should/would have done 完成进行式 have/has been doing had been doing shall/will have been doing should/would have been doing 考点一 现在时范畴内的4种时态对比 (一)一般现在时常用的3种情况 1.表示习惯性、经常性的动作或存在的状态。常与表示习惯的副词(短语)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等连用。 2.主将从现:在以when, till/until, as soon as, by the time, after, before等引导的时间状语从句和以if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句以及no matter+疑问词, 疑问词+ever, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中,从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we'll have a trip. 如果明天不下雨,我们将去旅行。 3.表示按时间表、时刻表等安排将要发生的动作,但限于少数动词,如go, come, leave, arrive, begin, start, return, open, close, take off等。 The plane takes off at 9:00.飞机九点起飞。 (二)现在进行时诠释的2类动作 1.表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。 2.现在进行时还可表示按计划安排好要采取的行动或要做的事情,常用的这类动词主要有go, come, leave, stay, start, arrive, land, meet, move, return, stay, stop, do等。 “The moment is coming soon,” he thought to himself, waiting nervously. “这一刻就要来了,”他自思自忖,紧张地等待着。 (三)现在完成时使用的5种情境 1.表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果,常与 yet, just, before, recently, once, lately 等表示过去时间的状语连用。 I haven't finished reading the book yet, so I can't return it to the library. 我还没把这本书读完,因此不能把它还给图书馆。 2.表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在,并可能延续下去的动作,常与 so far, up to now, since last year, in the past few years等表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间的状语连用。 He has worked here for over 20 years. 他已经在这里工作了20多年。 3.用于时间、条件状语从句中,表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作而发生。 He will be back before I have finished my work. 我完成工作之前他会回来的。 4.在“It/This is the first/second/third ... time+that 从句”句型中,that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。 This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family. 这是我们一家人第一次在电影院里看电影。 5.在“It/This is the best (worst, most interesting等)+名词+that引导的定语从句”句型中,从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。 This is the most interesting book (that) I've ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的一本书。 (四)现在完成进行时的基本内涵 现在完成进行时由“have/has+been+doing”构成,表示过去的动作持续到现在并有可能延续下去,常和for, since引导的时 ... ...
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