高中英语 语法之定语从句（导学案）

语法之定语从句 定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词（现在分词或过去分词）、副词、不定式（短语）以及介词短语等来充当，也可以由一个句子来充当。充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时在从句中充当某种成分。 定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限定作用；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用。在非限制性定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开。 His brother who joined the army last year came back. His brother, who joined the army last year, came back. Chongqing, which is known for its hotpot, attracts many tourists every year. He failed in the match, which was a pity. 关系词 引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词具体见下表： 关系词 所修饰的先行词 在从句中所作的成分 关系代词 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 which 物/事 主语、宾语 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人/物 定语 as 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词 地点状语 why 原因名词（the reason） 原因状语 一、关系代词的用法 关系代词指代先行词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。在从句中作宾语时，关系代词常可省略。 that的用法 that指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或者表语，但that不用于引导非限制性定语从句。 　Campers, in my eyes, were people that/who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.（that/ who在从句中作主语，不能省略） 　John is no longer the person(that/who/whom) I knew five years ago. （that/who/whom在从句中作宾语，可以省略） 　When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that/which reflected my interest.　　　（that/which在从句中作主语，不能省略） 　The city is no longer the one (that) it used to be.　　　（that在从句中作表语，可以省略） 注意 用 that 不用which的情况 （1）当先行词是 all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing, none, some等不定代词时。 　He did everything that he could to help us. 　When I was younger, all that my dad said was doctrine. （2）当先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the right, the last, few, just等修饰时。 　The very air(that)I breathed was filled with sand! 　Many trees line the road, including some pine trees that were first planted during the Ming Dynasty. （3）当先行词既有人又有物时。 　She described in her diary the people and the places that impressed her most. （4）当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 The first thing that came into my mind was his words. It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation that I've ever been in. （5）当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时 China is no longer the country (that) it used to be. （关系代词that在从句中作used to be的表语，可以省略） （6）当关系代词出现在以who或which开头的疑问句中时，为避免重复，关系代词用that。 Who is the boy that is talking to Tina in English （7）主句是there be 句型且关系词在从句中做主语时 There is a seat in the corner that is available. （8）有两个定语从句时，其中一个关 ... ...