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课件网) 词汇猜测题 CONTENTS 构词法猜测词义 01 语境法猜测词义 习题练习 03 02 01 构词法猜测词义 What is 词汇猜测题? 词汇猜测题考察考生通过上下文线索理解文中单词、短语或句子能力。它的正确选项必然能够与所考察的单词、短语或句子替换。 常见提问方式: The underlined word “ … ” refers to / means / stands for ? . Which of the following words can take the place of / be replaced by the word “ … ” What is the meaning of “ … ” as the words are used in the text Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ” 一、构词法猜测词义 派生法:前缀或后缀 合成法:两个单词合成一个 转化法:一词多义 常见的前缀和后缀有: inter- (在…之间,相互) dis- ( 不,无,相反) -(i)fy (使得,变成) mini- (迷你的, 微小的) anti-(反对) micro-(微小的) re- (再,反复) mis-(误,恶) im-(不) un-(不,非) in-(不,非)non-(不,非) -able(能…的 ) -less(不,无) -wards (向) en-/ -en 置于之中, 赋予;使 Can you guess the right meanings interpersonal disconnect mispronouce anti-ageing nonsmoker sleep-walk sadden solidify 人与人之间的,人际的 断开,切断 发错音 抗衰老的 不抽烟的人 梦游 使悲伤 使固化,使凝固 E.g.: It is important for people to do sports regularly. Exercise builds muscle. But it also strengthens bones. Q: The underlined word “strengthen” probably means “_____”. A. 购买 B. 增强 C. 培训 D. 转变 Tip: 根据单词strength的意义“力量”及-en动词后缀,可以猜测该词意义为增强。 strong - strength -en: 动词词缀:加强 strengthen 加强 解题技巧:抓、定、查 构词法:根据构词法、合成词等知识猜词义。 E.g.: Whales die in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic bottle caps. It endangers ocean life. Q: The underlined word “endangers” probably means _____. A. brings B. loses C. saves D. harms 实战演练: 构词法:根据构词法、合成词等知识猜词义。 词类:生词。 Tip: 根据词根danger的意义“危险”和词缀en-的意义为加强,可以推理出该词意为使遭受危险,故选择harms。 02 语境法猜测词义 二、语境法猜测词义(常用) 通过运用语篇分析推测词义,即通过上下文的逻辑关系来推测词义。 常用方法: 1.定义法 2.对比法 3.相似法 4.因果法 5.例举法 6.上下文 1. Definition 定义法: 一般通过定义、定语(从句)或同位语(从句)来确定词义。 e.g. ①:It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily. (adj. 易碎的, 脆的) ②The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 6,500 yuan a year. (n. 牧羊人) 表定义常见词汇及短语及手段:be called, be known, be defined as, constitute, refer to 等词汇或冒号,括号,破折号等。 表解释常见词汇及短语及手段:or, that is (to say), in other words, to put it another way等引出一些解释性的短语或句子。 E.g.: There was also a kind of clotheshorse that we used to hang all our clothes on. Q: The underlined word “clotheshorse” here means _____. A. 晾衣架 B. 马的衣服 C. 晾衣杆 D. 衣架 Tip: 根据后文释义可以得知为晾衣架。 解题技巧:抓、定、查 上下文-定义法:利用前后句表达该词的词语、句子定义部分。 定语从句:解释作用 表示对比的词有: but, yet, while, however, otherwise, on the other hand, , in cont ... ...