Period Ⅲ Grammar———主语从句 观察下面的句子,并感知主语从句的用法。 1.However,what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious shortage of food to eat. 2.How this could be done was a challenging question at the time. 3.Today,it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. 4.What Yuan Longping really cared about was not money or celebrity. 一、主语从句的用法 主语从句是名词性从句的一种,在复合句中作主语,相当于名词。主语从句的位置可以在句首,也可以用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面。 二、主语从句的引导词 1.连词that/whether,在主语从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,不可省略,其中that没有词义,whether表示“是否”含义,但是不能换成if(如果)。 That she survived the accident is a miracle.(that引导主语从句,在从句中不作成分且无意义) 她在事故中幸免于难简直是个奇迹。 Whether she comes or not doesn’t matter too much.(whether引导主语从句,在从句中不作成分,意为“是否”) 她来不来都关系不大。 2.连接代词what/who/which,在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语,不可省略。 Come on,David!What we believe is that you can do it.(what引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语,2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) 来吧,大卫!我们相信你能做到。 3.连接副词when/where/how/why,在主语从句中作状语,分别表示时间、地点、方式、原因,不可省略。 Where I spend my summer vacation is no business of yours.(where引导主语从句,在从句中作地点状语) 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。 4.另外,wh-+ever如whoever/however/whatever/whichever等也可引导主语从句,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等,不可省略。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished.(whoever引导主语从句,在从句中作主语) 无论谁触犯法律都应该受到惩罚。 三、it作形式主语的主语从句 在主语从句中如果主语太长,宾语或表语又太短了,为了避免头重脚轻,保持句子平衡,通常会采用it作形式主语,真正的主语从句放在后面。常见的使用it作形式主语的句型: 1.It+be+形容词+that从句 常见形容词:necessary,likely,clear,right,important,possible,strange It is obvious that he should know about this. 他应该知道此事,这是显而易见的。 2.It+be+过去分词+that从句 常见过去分词:said,believed,reported,thought,known It is known that the Internet is vital to us. As a matter of fact,we benefit a lot from the rapid pace of the Internet development. (2021·全国乙卷) 众所周知,互联网对我们至关重要。事实上,我们从互联网的快速发展中受益匪浅。 3.It+不及物动词(短语)+that从句 常见不及物动词(短语):seem,appear,happen,turn out It seems that they know what they’re doing. 看来他们知道自己在干什么。 4.It+及物动词+宾语+that从句 常见“及物动词+宾语”:make no difference,strike sb,amaze sb It struck me that you’d be better off working in another company. 我突然想到你若在另一家公司工作境遇会好一些。 5.It+be+名词(词组)+that从句 常见名词(词组):a pity,a shame,no wonder,good news,no surprise It is a fact that English is accepted as an international language. 英语被接受为一种国际语言,这是一个事实。 四、主语从句的语序和时态问题 1.主语从句和其他名词性从句一样必须使用 ... ...