高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题06 动词和动词短语(解析版) 【高频考点解读】 动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词类,它是构成句子的核心,是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。在考试大纲及考试说明中,动词占总词汇量的1/3以上,起着举足轻重的作用。动词和动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例最大,着重考查在不同的语境中对动词及动词短语的应用,以测试学生对基础知识的掌握程度。 【热点题型】 题型一 词义辨析 例1、 Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to _____our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”,which was started by our former headmaster three years ago. A.sponsor B.launch C.organize D.plan 【易错剖析】 考生误选B者较多。理解成了“发起Help the Needy”运动,没有理解确切句意。 【提分秘籍】 1.lay和lie 2.arise,rise和raise 3.sit和seat:sit表示动作,seat如果表示就座要用be seated或用seat oneself。如:They were seated at their desks. I found some strangers sitting at the back of the classroom. =I found some strangers seated at the back of the classroom. 我发现教室后面坐着几个陌生人。 4.fit,suit,match (1)fit和suit都可表示“适合”或“合适”。fit主要是指尺寸、大小、形状等方面的适合,而suit则主要指款式或花色等方面的适合。如: This dress doesn’t fit me.Have you got a larger size 这条连衣裙不合我的身,你有大一点尺寸的吗? This dress doesn’t suit me.Have you got another style 这条连衣裙不适合我穿。你还有其他的款式吗? (2)suit还可以用来谈论某种安排或情况是否方便。如: Tuesday would suit me very well for a meeting. 星期二开会对我来说很合适。 (3)match主要表示“与……相配或相称,使……相配,使……相称”。如: Her clothes do not match her age. 她的衣服与她的年龄不配。 The color of the shirt does not match that of the tie. 衬衫的颜色与领带不相配。 5.adopt,attach,adapt,adjust (1)adopt vt.采取,采纳;收养,领养 (2)attach 把……附(在……上);重视 attach much importance to...非常重视…… (3)adapt vt.适应,adapt oneself to适应于 (4)adjust vt.适应,调整;adjust oneself to适应于 This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need, besides,it is not expensive at all. 这个桌子可以根据你需要的高度而调整,而且一点也不贵。 Having no children of their own,they decided to adopt an orphan. 他们因没有亲生儿女,所以决定领养一个孤儿。 【举一反三】 —If you like the new house,I suggest you buy it. —But it’s really too expensive.I can’t _____ it. A.get B.afford C.supply D.support 解析:选B。句意:———如果你喜欢这所新房子,我建议你把它买下来。———但是它实在太贵了,我买不起。afford“负担得起”。 题型二 动词的固定搭配 例2、Mary,I _____John of his promise to help you. A.told B.reminded C.warned D.advised 【易错剖析】 考生选C者较多。仅记住了warn sb.of sth.这一结构,忽视了句意。 【提分秘籍】 1.可用于“动词+sb.+of sth.”的常用动词 accuse(控告),cheat(欺骗),cure(治愈),inform(通知),remind(提醒),rid(摆脱),rob(抢劫),warn(警告)。 This photo reminds me of my school days. 这张照片使我想起了学校生活。 The people of the town were warned of the danger of flooding. 该镇居民被警告有洪水危险。 2.可用于“动词+sb.+for doing sth.”的常用动词 blame(指责),criticise (批评) ... ...
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