Period Ⅲ Grammar———过去分词作表语和状语 观察下面的句子，并感知过去分词与现在分词作表语和状语的用法。 1.For both of them，the thought of crossing the whole country by rail was exciting. 2.Before starting out，they spent a couple of days in Vancouver，seeing the sights. 3.The next day was clear and mild，and they were pleased to see the beautiful mountains looking out over the city. 4.The next morning，the two girls arose early to take the train to Lake Louise，passing through the Canadian Rockies. 5.Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive. 一、过去分词作表语 1.过去分词作表语的意义 用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态，此时过去分词大多已变成了形容词。 Upon leaving for America the author felt excited. 在前往美国时，作者感到很兴奋。 With all the information available，it’s not surprising that people can feel confused. 有了所有可用的信息，人们会感到困惑也就不足为奇了。 2.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较： The cup is broken.(系表结构，表状态) 杯子碎了。 The cup was broken by Tom.(被动语态，强调动作) 杯子是被汤姆打碎的。 3.感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。 I was surprised that my parents allowed me to spend money on my own.(2021·浙江6月卷) 我很惊讶父母允许我自己花钱。 His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged. 他的话令人泄气，使得很多人灰心丧气。 But she is so encouraged that she never lets anyone put her down. 但她很受鼓舞，从不让任何人贬低她。 二、过去分词作状语 1.过去分词(短语)作状语的意义 过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且过去分词与主语之间为被动关系。 Trapped at home，Sarah wondered how she could survive. 萨拉被困在家里，她想知道自己怎么能活下来。 Bathed in the warm Christmas atmosphere，James walked over to Jessica and hugged her tightly. 沐浴在温暖的圣诞节气氛中，詹姆斯走到杰西卡身边，紧紧拥抱她。 2.过去分词(短语)作状语的句法功能 过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。 The twins cheered up and did as told.(方式状语，2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) 这对双胞胎高兴起来，照着吩咐做了。 Given another chance，I will do it much better.(条件状语) 如果再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。 Greatly inspired by what he did，I joined him in helping others.(原因状语) 在他所做的事情的鼓励下，我加入了他的行列，去帮助他人。 Visited many times，the place is still worth visiting again.(让步状语) 虽然已参观了很多次，但这个地方仍值得再来。 The guest walked into the room，greeted by the host.(伴随状语) 客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。 3.过去分词(短语)作状语 ... ...
