仁爱英语九年级上册Unit 2语法宝典 Unit 2 I. 直接引语和间接引语 II. 不定代词 III. 并列复合句 IV. “阻止某人/某物做某事”表达法 V. “许多”的表达法 I. 直接引语和间接引语 在引用别人原话时,被引用部分称为直接引语;当用自己的话转述别人的话时,被转述的部分称为间接引语,间接引语跟我们过去所学过的宾语从句很相似。 引导词 人称变化 直接引语变为间接引语的主要方面 语序变化 时态变化 指示代词、状语、动词等变化 1. 引导词 直接引语的句式 改成间接引语时,使用的引导词 陈述句 that(可以省略) 一般疑问句 if或whether 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句中本身的疑问词 祈使句 肯定句用:to+动词原形 否定句用:not to+动词原形 注:其句型为“ask(tell,order)sb.(not)to do sth.” e.g. Maria says, “The world has changed for the better.” →Maria says (that) the world has changed for the better. Kate asked Jane, “Can they get good food and medicine ” →Kate asked Jane if/whether they could get good food and medicine. Maria asked Jane,“ What are you doing ” →Maria asked Jane what she was doing. Li Ping said to us, “Try to retell the passage when you are required to do so,” →Li Ping told us to try to retell the passage when we were required to do so. “Don' t be afraid.” Tom said to Dick. →Tom told Dick not to be afraid 2.人称的变化 直接引语主语为第三人称,变为间接引语之后,人称不变;主语为其他人称(第一、第二人称),变为间接引语后,人称要做相应调整。 Tom thinks, “ He isn’t good at English.” 汤姆认为,“他英语不好。” → Tom thinks that he isn’t good at English. 汤姆认为他英语不好。 Maria said,“ I am bored.”玛丽亚说:“我烦。” →Maria said (that) she was bored. 玛丽亚说她烦。 The teacher said to me, “You must relax yourself.” 老师对我说:“你必须要放松自己。” →The teacher told me that I must relax myself. 老师告诉我,我必须要放松自己。 教你一招 人称变化规律 一随主,二随宾,三不变。(一、二、三分别指直接引语中的第一人称,第二人称和第三人称;主、宾分别指主句中的主语和宾语) 3. 时态的变化 主句是一般现在时或将来时,间接引语的时态不变。 主句是一般过去时,间接引语一般改成过去的某种时态。具体情况可以参照下面表格中的规律。 直接引语中的时态 间接引语中的时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般过去时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时(不变) can could could could(不变) will would would would(不变) may might might might(不变) shall should should should(不变) e.g. He says, “ I'm tired.”他说:“我累了。 →He says (that) he is tired. 他说他累了 He would say,“The boy was lazy.” 他会说:“那个男孩很懒。” →He would say the boy was lazy. 他会说那个男孩很懒 Kangkang said, “We will go to the Ming Tomb.” 康康说:“我们要去十三陵。 →Kangkang said (that) the they would go to the Ming Tomb. 康康说他们要去十三陵。 Helen said,“I am watching TV at home.”海伦说:“我正在家里看电视。 →Helen said that she was watching TV at home. 海伦说她正在家里看电视。 温馨提示 不管主句是什么时态,直接引语表示自然科学和客观真理之类的,改成间接引语时均用一般现在时。 e.g. The teacher told us,“The earth moves around the sun.” →The teacher told us (th ... ...
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