被动语态用法 知识梳理与专项练习（含答案）

被动语态用法 知识梳理与专项练习 一、被动语态的用法 1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词 例：Our classroom is cleaned every day. 我们教室每天都被打扫。 2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were +及物动词的过去分词 例：A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。 3.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 例：A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建一家新医院。 4.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词 例：My bike is being repaired by uncle Wang now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。 5.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词例：例：This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。 Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries 在许多国家有许多人造卫星被送上了太空。 6.过去进行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being +及物动词的过去分词 例：The new road was being made. 这条新路正在修筑。 7.过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been +及物动词的过去分词 例：The classroom hadn`t been cleaned before the teacher came.在老师来之前，教室尚未打扫。 8.将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/ will + have been done 例：They will have been married for 20 years by then. 届时，他们结婚将满20周年。 9.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词 + be +及物动词的过去分词 例：Young trees must be watered often. 小树需要经常浇水。 二、主动语态改成被动语态 1. 先找出谓语动词； 2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语； 3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语； 4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。 例： Bruce writes a letter every week. → A letter is written by Bruce every week. 布鲁斯每星期写一封信。 Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. → The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 李雷今天上午在修理坏的自行车。 He has written two novels so far. →Two novels have been written by him so far.至今他已写了两部小说。 They will plant ten trees tomorrow. →Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.他们明天将要种植十棵树。 Lucy is writing a letter now. →A letter is being written by Lucy now.露西正在写信。 You must lock the door when you leave. →the door must be locked when you leave.当你离开的时候你必须把门锁上。 三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题： 不及物动词无被动语态。 例：What will happen in 100 years？ 一百年里会发生什么事？ 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 例：This pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。 例：（1） A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. →My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 当一个女孩经过的时候，看到我的钱夹掉了。 （2）The boss made the little boy do heavy work. →The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 这个老板让这小男孩干重活。 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）做主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 例：He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him. 他给了我一本书。 He showed me a ticket. →A ticket was shown to me by him. 他给我展示了一张票。 My father bought me a new bike. ... ...