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课件网) Unit 3 Food and Culture Discovering Useful Structure The Past Perfect Tense The Past Perfect Passive Voice In this class, you will recognize and summarize the meaning, form and use of the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice; use the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice to describe a situation that happened in the past. Part.1 Lead-in Lead-in The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published. A new farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published. Past Perfect Tense: had done Observe & Discover Which action happened first, “set up” or “was published” Active Voice Passive Voice The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published. Present Future …had set up… …was published 时态：过去完成时 语态：主动 结构：had done 时态：一般过去时 语态：被动 结构：was/were done Earlier past Past A new farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published. Present Future …had been set up… …was published 时态：过去完成时 语态：被动 结构：had been done 时态：一般过去时 语态：被动 结构：was/were done Earlier past Past Part.2 Definition 表示在过去某一时间或事件之前已经完成的动作或已经存在的状态。 过去完成时 The Past Perfect Tense The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published. The media reported that these companies had treated pollution as a hot potato. 动作已经完成 事件已经存在 过去完成时的基本结构： (1)肯定：主语＋had (been) done (2)否定：主语＋had not (been) done (3)疑问：Had＋主语＋(been) done 疑问词＋had＋主语＋(been) done Part.3 Usage 过去完成时的用法 1. 表示过去某时或某动作之前就已经完成或结束的动作/事件，即“过去的过去”。 By the end of the last month, Jackson _____ (spend) all of his money. Mr. Smith died yesterday. He _____ (be) a good friend of mine. had spent had been 2. 表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常有for，since的时间状语表示动作延续。 I _____ (wait) at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. He said he _____ (work) in that factory since 1949. She _____ (learn) French for three years by then. had waited had worked had learned 过去完成时常见时间状语： by / until / before / by the end of+过去某时间点 3. 在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 I returned the book that I_____ (borrow). 4.过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 He told me that he _____ (eat) in the restaurant many times. They didn’t know that their house _____ (sell). had borrowed had eaten had been sold 5.状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中， 发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如：when, before, after, as soon as, till / until引导的复合句。 She didn’t go to bed until she _____ (finish) her work. When I _____ (come) back, m ... ...
