外延版八上Module 4 Planes, ships and trains同步学案

外延版八上Module 4 Planes, ships and trains 1. except, except for ,besides，but 区别 except 表示从整体中除去一部分 except for 表示对一个人或事物做一个整体评价，然后对局部提出一点看法。 besides 表示后面的部分包含在整体之内。 but “除……以外“（强调整体性，常放在nothing, all, anyone, nobody, everything, everyone 等词后） All the other five students arrived late except me. 除了我，其他五位学生都来晚了。（晚到的学生中不包括“我”） Five other students arrived late besides me. 除了我，还有五位学生来晚了。（晚到的学生中包括“我”） I didn’t tell anybody but you. 除你之外，我没有告诉任何人。 His article is very good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的文章很好，只是有几处拼写错误。 She can speak French and Japanese besides English. 除英语外，她还会讲法语和日语。 What other sports do you play besides football 除了足球你还做哪些运动？ There is nothing but a desk in the room. 这间房间除了一张课桌，什么也没有。 2. 四“花费“（cost, spend, pay, take） 单词 主语 用法 例句 cost 物 sth. cost sb+金钱 This book cost me ten yuan. 这本书花了我10元。 spend 人 sb. spend+时间/金钱+on sth. I spent ten yuan on the book.=I spent ten yuan (in) buying the book.我买这本书花了10元。 sb. spend+时间/金钱+(in) doing sth. pay 人 sb. pay +金钱+ for sth. I paid ten yuan for the book. 我花10元买了这本书。 take it(形式主语） It takes sb.+时间+to do sth. It takes me two hours to do my homework every day. 我每天花费两个小时的时间完成作业。 Do you usually spend all your free time studying 你通常把你所有的空余时间都用来学习吗？ The old dictionary cost me fifty yuan, but I think the cost of it is more than fifty yuan.这本旧词典花了我50元,但是我认为它的价值超过50元。（ the cost of it “……的价值“） cost sb. one’s life 以某人的生命为代价 Joe’s brave action cost him his life. 乔的英勇行为使他牺牲了生命。 3. be close to 离……近 be far from 离……远 close friend 亲密的朋友 My close friend's home is close to the shop. And　the shopkeeper usually closes it on Sunday　afternoon.我密友的家离商店很近。店主通常周日下午关门。 4. maybe 与may be Maybe he is at school=He may be at school. 或许他在学校。 5. 各种交通工具的表达方法： by taxi 坐出租车 by bike 骑自行车 take the underground/by underground 乘地铁 take a plane/by plane 乘飞机 [拓展]表示交通方式还常用以下几种方式: ① in/on+限定词+表示交通工具的名词(作状语) Dad usually goes to work on his bike.爸爸通常骑自行车去上班。 ② take+a/an/the+表示交通工具的名词(作谓语) Let's take the underground to the zoo.咱们乘地铁去动物园吧。 ③ walk/drive/fly/ride/... to+地点名词 步行/开车/乘飞机/骑车/…去…(作谓语) Lingling always walks to school.玲玲总是步行去学校。 ④ on foot步行(作状语) Let' s go there on foot.咱们步行去那里吧。 6. choice （名词）选择 make a choice 做出选择 have no choice but to do sth.除了做某事外别无选择 We each had to make a choice. 我们每个人都得做出选择。 It's up to you to make a choice. 由你做出选择。 We had no choice but to wait for the next bus. 除了等下一辆公共汽车，我们别无选择。 Jack chose to learn Chinese rather than Japan ... ...