2025年高考英语大单元每周拔高练 11月第一周 动词语态 导学案（含解析）

第一周 动词语态———高考英语大单元每周拔高练 重难知识点整合 一、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的，其变化形式如下（以动词do为例）： 1. 一般现在时：am/ is/ are+done In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is used frequently to cover painful feelings. 在东南亚国家的文化中，微笑常常被用来掩饰痛苦的感情。 2. 一般过去时：was/ were+done Five reporters were sent to cover the conference. 五名记者被派去报道这次会议。 3. 一般将来时：will/ shall be+done You will be abandoned by your fans. 你将被歌迷抛弃。 4. 现在进行时：am/ is/ are being+done A new bridge is being built at present. 一座新桥现在正在建造中。 5. 过去进行时：was/ were +being+done We couldn't use the computer. It was being repaired. 我们不能使用那台电脑，它正在被维修。 6. 现在完成时：have/ has been+done Some people have been ruined by their desire for wealth. 一些人对财富的贪欲毁掉了他们。 7. 过去完成时：had been+done When the boss got to the office, all the work had been finished. 老板到达办公室时，所有的工作都完成了。 二、被动语态的用法 1. 不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者 Attention, please! A meeting will be held in the office at 8: 00 a.m. tomorrow. Everyone is expected to attend on time. 请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。 2. 强调或突出动作的承受者 The woman was taken to hospital. 那位女士被送进了医院。 3. 动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰 The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money. 想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。 注意： （1）动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词 The plan will be given up. 这项计划就要被放弃了。 Bad habits have been done away with. 坏习惯已经改掉了。 （2）含情态动词的被动语态形式：情态动词+be+过去分词 He must be prevented from going. 必须阻止他去。 The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible. 这项计划应该尽早执行。 （3）“get+过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化 The patient got treated once a week. 那位病人一周治疗一次。 三、主动形式表被动意义 1. 表示状态特征的系动词，如look，sound，feel，smell，taste，prove，appear等构成的系表结构 The soup smells good but tastes terrible. 这汤闻起来香但尝起来不好。 2. 表示主语的某种属性、特征的动词，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，wear，shut等 This kind of material washes easily. 这种布料容易洗。 3. 表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，run等 The shop closes at 6 pm every day. 这家商店每天下午六点关门。 1. My camera _____ (damage) to such an extent yesterday that it could not be repaired. 2. Police sealed off the area where the murderer _____ (suspect) to be hiding. 3. Everything he had _____ (take) away from him before he returned to his hometown. 4. The nine coal miners _____ (trap) in the coal mine for nearly 20 hours before we finally came to their rescue. 5. It isn't exactly clear how music influences the development and growth of plants, but more and more _____ (discover) and we are closer to solid scientific proof in this area. 6. Masses of work _ ... ...