2025届高三英语二轮复习专项 虚拟语气 导学案（无答案）

第一节 非真实条件句及主句中的虚拟语气 非真实条件句主要包含对过去、现在和将来情况假设的条件句，此外还包含部分表示特殊情况的虚拟条件句。在不同情况下，非真实条件句及主句的谓语动词的形式。 条件 从句的谓语动词形式 主句的谓语动词形式 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 would/could/should/might have+过去分词 与现在事实相反 过去式/were（be动词用were） would/could/should/might+动词原形 与将来事实相反 were to+动词原形；should+动词原形； 过去式/were（be动词用were） would/could/should/might+动词原形 一、表示与过去事实相反 在表示对过去情况假设的非真实条件句及主句中，从句应用过去完成时，即从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”的形式，主句的谓语动词用“should/would/could/might have+过去分词”的形式。 【例】If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life. 要是我们早点儿找到他的话，我们就能挽救他的生命了。 If I had known the answer, I would have told him. 要是我知道答案的话，我就告诉他了。 二、表示与现在事实相反 在表示对现在情况假设的非真实条件句及主句中，从句的谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were），主句的谓语动词用“should/would/could/might+动词原形”的形式。 【例】He wouldn’t feel so cold if he stayed indoors now. 他要是现在待在室内，就不会觉得这么冷了。 If I were available now, I could go to the park with you. 如果现在有空，我就和你一起去公园了。 三、表示与将来事实相反 在表示对将来情况假设的非真实条件句及主句中，从句的谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were）或者“should/were to+动词原形”的形式，主句的谓语动词“should/would/could/might+动词原形”的形式。 【例】If there were/should be/were to be something wrong with the new equipment in the future, they would tell you at once. 如果未来新设备有什么问题，他们会马上告诉你的。 Next time if I did/should do/were to do the work, I would do it in a different way. 下次要是我做这项工作，我会以不同的方式去做。 四、混合虚拟语气 有时虚拟条件从句表示的动作和主句发生的动作在时间上不一致。例如，一个与过去事实相反，另一个与现在事实相反，这时谓语动词的形式要根据各自表示的时间来调整。 【例】If I shouldn’t have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now. 如果不是今天下午要考试，我现在就去购物了。(从句指将来，主句指现在) If you had taken my advice then, you wouldn’t be in trouble now. 如果当时听我的劝告，你现在就不会有麻烦了。(从句指过去，主指现在) 五、虚拟语气在省略if的非真实条件句中的用法 当虚拟条件句中含有were，had或should时，可以省略if，而把were，had，should，could等置于句首，变为倒装句式，以强调假设条件的虚拟性或突出说话人的主观愿望。 【例】If I were at school again, I would study harder. → Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我重新回到学校，我会加倍努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would have met him. → Had you come earlier, you would have met him. 如果你来得早一点，就见着他了。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go out. → Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go out. 如果明天下雨，我们就不出去了。 If I could fly, I would go and see you right now. → Could I fly, I would go and see you right now. 如果我会飞，我立刻去看你。 Were he to depart tomorrow (If he were to depart tomorrow), he would get there on Su ... ...