中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 复合句训练 100题 解题指要 宾语从句 中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:①引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择;②宾语从句的语序;③宾语从句的时态。考查的主要题型是单项选择。 1. 宾语从句的种类 宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语、介词的宾语或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。 (1)由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如: He said( that) he wanted to stay at home.(他说他想待在家里。) She doesn't know( that) she is seriously ill. (她不知道自己病得很重。) I am sure ( that) he will succeed. (我相信他能成功。) (2)由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when, where, why, how等引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如: Do you know who/ whom they are waiting for (你知道他们在等谁吗 ) He asked whose handwriting was the best. (他问谁的字写得最好。) Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is (您能告诉我第三车站在哪里吗 ) I don't know why the train is late. (我不知道列车为什么晚点了。) (3) 由 if 或 whether引导的宾语从句。if和 whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如: I want to know if/ whether he lives there. (我想知道他是否住那儿。) He asked me whether/ if I could help him.(他问我是否能帮他。) 2. 宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如: I hear( that) physics isn't easy. (我听说物理不好学。) I think( that) you will like this school soon. (我觉得你会很快喜欢上这所学校的。) Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo (您能告诉我怎么去动物园吗 ) Please tell me when we’ ll have the meeting.(请告诉我,我们什么时候开会。) 3. 宾语从句的时态 (1) 如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。例如: I don't think( that) you are right.(我认为你不对。) Please tell us where he is. (请告诉我们他在哪儿。) Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station (您能告诉我怎么去火车站吗 ) (2)如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句一般只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。例如: He asked what time it was.(他问几点了。) He told me that he was preparing for the sports meeting.(他告诉我,他正在准备参加运动会。) He asked if you had written to Peter. (他问你是否给彼得写过信了。) He said that he would go back to the US soon. (他说他很快就会回美国。) (3)如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。例如: Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. (我们老师说一月是一年中的第一个月份。) Scientists have proved that the earth rotates around the sun. (科学家们证明了地球是绕太阳转的。) 二 状语从句 用来修饰主句中的动词、副词和形容词或整个句子的从句叫状语从句。状语从句不仅是初中英语学习的重点,而且也是每年中考必考的内容之一。从历年全国各地中考英语试题对状语从句的考查内容来看,命题主要集中在引导状语从句的连词、状语从句的时态等方面;从九大状语从句来看,同学们应将复习重点放在时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句和让步状语从句上。 1. 时间状语从句 (1)时间状语从句常用 when, as, while, before, after, since, til ... ...
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