语法精讲———使役动词 使役动词 知识点01 概念及make的用法 概念:使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物动词,主要有leave(离开).get(得到).make(使,令),let(让),have(有;让;从事;允许;拿)等。 【用法剖析】make用作及物动词,在主动语态中的含义主要有: 1. 做;制作;制造 Can you make any mooncakes 你会做些月饼吗? make后可跟双宾语,间接宾语后移时一般用for引导。 My uncle will make me a kite. 叔叔将为我做一只风筝。 = My uncle will make a kite for me. 2. 使;使之 Have I made myself clear 我讲清楚了没有? 3. 迫使;令 I don’t like milk, but she made me drink it. 我不喜欢牛奶,可是她强迫我喝。 4. 总计;等于 Two and two makes four. 二加二等于四。 5. 准备;布置;整理 You must make the bed after you get up. 你起床后必须整理好你的床铺。 6. 构成;组成;成为 Daniel scored another goal, but one player does not make a team. 丹尼尔又踢进了一球,但是独木不成林。 【用法剖析】make用作及物动词,意为"使;让",在主动语态中其后要跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,而在被动语态中,to不能省去。 She was made to wait for over an hour. 她被迫等了一个多钟头。 英语中,类似于make这种用法的动词还有let,have,hear,see,watch,notice,feel等。 I saw him put the key into the keyhole, turn it and open the door. 我看见他把钥匙插进锁孔,转动钥匙,然后打开了门。 She was seen to go into the classroom. 有人看见她进了教室。 【用法剖析】make用作及物动词,后接复合宾语,表示"使……成为……;使成为……"时,通常由形容词、名词、介词短语充当宾语补足语。 Loud music makes me uncomfortable. 吵闹的音乐使我不舒服。 【用法剖析】动词make的使役用法,make sb后分别接了形容词和不定式短语。make的这种用法常见于以下结构: ①make+名词/代词+省略to的动词不定式 My parents often make me do some other homework. 我父母常让我做些其他的作业。 特别提示:这一结构中的不定式短语在主动结构中是宾语补足语,必须省去to,变为被动结构时,不定式短语作主语补足语,这时必须带to。 She was made to work for the night shift. 她不得不上夜班。 ②make+名词/代词+-ed分词短语 What made them so frightened 什么使他们这样害怕? ③make+名词/代词+介词短语或名词短语 She made him her assistant. 她委派他做自己的助手。 ④make+名词/代词+ 形容词或形容词短语 The good news made us happy. 这条好消息使我们很高兴。 ⑤make +形式宾语it +形容词或名词(作宾语补足语)+从句(作真正的宾语) They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job. 他们要向公众表明,他们所做的工作不但重要,而且是必不可少的。 知识点02 have的用法 【用法剖析】1)have +宾语+do(省略to的不定式):表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。 The rich lady had the singer eat with her servants.这位富有的女士让这位歌手和她的仆人一起吃饭。 I will have him come and help you.我会让他来帮助你的。 2)have+宾语+现在分词:表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中,宾语和宾补是一种主动关系。 The two cheats had the lights burning all night long.这两个骗子让灯整晚亮着。 He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.昨天他让我们一直等了他三个小时。 I have them all talking to each other in English.我鼓励他们用英语交谈。 3)have +宾语+过去分 ... ...
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