(
课件网) Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading Great scientists an ancient Greek mathematician & physicist Archimedes (287-212 BC) 1. Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float Archimedes’ principle 阿基米德定律(浮力) Lever principle (杠杆原理) His great findings: Give me a place to stand, and I shall move the world. ——— Archimedes When put an object into water, the water pushes the object up. It rises and partly floats. The force of the water pushing it up is the same as the weight of the object. 2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed Charles Darwin (1808-1882) British author The Origin of Species explains how plants and animals have changed over time to fit in with a changing environment. 3. Who invented the first steam engine He improved the first steam pump (泵;抽水机) and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729), British 4. Who used peas(豌豆) to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children Gregor Mendel孟德尔 (1822-1884), Czech（捷克人） He grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity (遗传学) and inherited (继承, 承传) characteristics. 5. Who discovered radium She received two Nobel prizes, one (with Pierre Curie) for physics (1903) and one for chemistry (1911). She is the only person to have been so honored. Marie Curie (1867-1934) Polish and French The discovery of radium meant that she began a new scientific area of research. 6. Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities He was already an inventor of other electrical devices (phonograph, electric light bulb) when in 1882 he designed a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station. Thomas Edison (1847-1931) American inventor phonograph 留声机 electric light bulb 电灯泡 7. Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people His skill for showing human skin tones made his paintings seem to come alive. He used to study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possible. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Italian artist 8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground In 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners. Previously there had been many accidents when candles on the miners’ helmets had exploded when they came into contact with underground gas from coal. Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829), British the safe lamp for miners 9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened He invented the first seismograph (地动仪) to indicate in the direction of an earthquake. Zhang Heng (78-139) Chinese seismograph / sa zm ɡrɑ f/ He has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but, from time to time, throw out matter as well. 10. Who put forward a theory about black holes worked in astronomy and ... ...
