2025年人教版初中英语中考总复习讲义-音标和名词（无答案）

音标 48个国际音标 元 音 12个单元音 长元音 [a:] [ :] [ :] [i:] [u:] [e] [ ] 短元音 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [u] 8个双元音 [a ] [e ] [ ] [ ] [e ] [ u] [u ] [au] 辅 音 10对 清辅音 [p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [ ] [t ] [tr] [ts] 浊辅音 [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ ] [ ] [d ] [dr] [dz] 3个鼻音 [m] [n] [ ] 3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l] 2个半元音 [w] [j] 拼读规则:以元音为中心划分音节，按音节来拼读 音节的划分方法如下： 元音是构成音节的主体，辅音是音节的分界线。 一个辅音后面跟，两个辅音两边分，字母组合不拆分。 单音节词只有一个音节，如“put”。/lɑ d / 双音节词有两个音节，如“chil-dren”。 多音节词有两个以上音节，如“in-ter-na-tion-al” /k nv 'se fn/ / 're z ( r )/ /ni:d/ / 'n ( r )/ /m 'ste k/ /p st/ /se m/ / 'stre li / /'h zb nd / / k't v ti/ /'f ni/ / 'kr s/ /t e nd / /'n t s/ /tek'n l d i/ /lɑ d / /'m d k/ /'mju:z kl/ / g'z ktli/ /' nstr ment / 名词 可数名词复数变化 1.名词复数规则变化 ①book_____ apple_____ desk_____ _____ ②bus_____ watch_____ box_____ brush_____ _____ ③city_____ family_____ story_____ _____ ④leaf_____ life_____ knife_____ _____ ⑤hero_____ potato_____ tomato_____ photo_____ _____ 2.名词复数不规则变化 ①单复数同形 fish_____ sheep_____ deer_____ ②改变单数名词中的元音字母或者拼写 man_____ woman_____ foot_____ tooth_____ mouse_____ child_____ ③国人：中日不变英法变，其他s加后面 Chinese_____ Japanese_____ Englishman_____ Frenchman_____ American_____ Australian_____ ④只有复数形式的：people,police, couple. trousers, socks, clothes, pants, jeans, shorts, shoes, gloves, glasses, chopsticks, scissors等 The police _____(be) looking for the thief. ⑤复合名词的复数形式 A.通常只变_____的名词 three banana trees two flower shops B.有man和woman构成的复合名词，_____ five men teachers two women doctors C.sport做定语时，通常用复数 a sports meeting two sports meetings ⑥集合名词可单可复：family,class,team 不可数名词 1.常见的不可数名词 water, meat, rice, bread, milk, tea, orange, fruit, air, snow, work , paper, time, music, grass, news food, fish, porridge, advice information weather, fun 翻译句子: (1)这是多么有价值的建议啊! What _____ it is! (2)Richard Clayderman弹奏如此美妙的音乐以致于我们都沉浸其中。 Richard Clayderman plays such _____that all of us are lost in it. 2.不可数名词没有单复数之分，不能用数词修饰，但是可以用量词+of+不可数名词修饰 a piece of bread two pieces of bread Two pieces of bread _____(be) on the desk. 注意：谓语动词根据量词决定。 3.有些词既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词 chicken, fish, orange, room, salad, ice-cream, glass, paper, light, turkey, work, life, beauty等 名词所有格 1.有生命的名词通常加’s或’构成 ①一般在名词后面加_____ e.g. my mother's room ②以s结尾的名词复数后面加_____ e.g. my friends’ home ③复合名词的所有格，只在_____名词后面加_____ e.g. one and a half's talk ④如果一样东西为几个人所共有，则在_____一个名词后加’s；如果不是共有，则在_____名词后都加’s e.g. This is Tom and Jack's room. These are Tom’s and Jack's rooms. 2.表示时间，距离等所有格 two hours' ride=two-hour ride 5 months’ holiday=_____ 3.无生命的所有格，通常由介词of构成 the l ... ...