专题21 全国卷语法填空 基础巩固 1.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Culture conflicts can occur anytime you travel, but every once in a while they happen in some truly unexpected ways. From shopping with many coins to _____ (light) up a cigarette outdoors, these are strange and embarrassing travel mistakes _____ (travel) would do their best to avoid. For example, _____ is illegal to feed pigeons on the streets of San Francisco. The city _____ (know) for the Golden Gate Bridge blames the common birds for spreading disease and damaging property. Anyone_____ is caught providing food to San Francisco's pigeons could face a heavy fine. Moreover, citizens _____ (encourage) to report pigeon feeders to the city's police department. For another example, you'd better think twice before you smoke in Singapore. Singapore has _____ (serious) smoking penalty (处罚) in the world. Smoking in public will earn a tough fine. More _____ (surprise), if you're shopping in Canada, don't expect cashiers _____ (accept) many coins as your sole method of payment. According to Canada's Currency Act, stores can legally refuse excessive amounts _____ coins. With pennies, for example, customers' payments may be rejected if they try to use more than 25 0ne-cent coins at a time. 【答案】 lighting；travelers；it；known；who/that；are encouraged；the most serious；surprisingly；to accept；of 【解析】 （1）考查非谓语动词。 from…to…结构除通常与名词、代词、数词等搭配外,有时还可与动名词搭配.如： He made a switch from publishing to teaching. 他由出版工作改做教学工作. We are trying to shift the emphasis from curing illness to preventing it. 我们正在努力把工作重点从治疗疾病转为预防疾病. He’s changed from being cynical about politics to being very interested in it. 他改变了对政治怀悲观的态度,而对其颇感兴趣. 句意：从用很多硬币购物到在户外点上一支香烟，这些都是很奇怪且令人尴尬的旅行错误，是旅行者们极力避免的。这里空白处与前面的shopping并列，分别作from和to的介词，要用动名词。故填lighting。 （2）考查名词。句意：从用很多硬币购物到在户外点上一支香烟，这些都是很奇怪且令人尴尬的旅行错误，是旅行者们极力避免的。这里是省略that的定语从句，空白处需要主语，从后面的do their best to avoid来看，应该是指某种人群，显然只能用travelers表示“游客们”。故填travelers。 （3）考查代词。句意：比如，在旧金山的街道上喂鸽子就是违法的。这里是it作形式主语，不定式是真正主语的句型“it is+形容词+to do sth.”。故填it。 （4）考查非谓语动词。句意：这座以金门大桥闻名的城市指责鸟类会传播疾病、破坏财产。be known for固定短语，“以……而出名”，这里know作city的后置定语，与city之间是被动关系，要用过去分词形式。故填known。 （5）考查定语从句。句意：任何被发现在旧金山给鸽子喂食的人都将面临一笔很重的罚款。空白后的句子应该是作定语修饰anyone的，anyone作为先行词是人属性，关系代词可以用that或者who。故填who/that。 （6）考查时态语态。句意：此外，市民们也被鼓励向当地警方举报喂鸽子者。联系前文对喂食鸽子这一行为的惩罚，这里显然指政府鼓励当地市民检举，市民们是被鼓励，要用被动语态。故填are encouraged。 （7）考查形 ... ...
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