高中英语人教版（2019）必修 第一册语法知识 读后续写 筑基讲义学案（6份打包，含答案）

Part 1 单元语法讲义--五大基本句型+八大句子成分 Part 2 高考英语读后续写题型分析及方法指导 Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测 必修1 Welcome Unit Part 1 单元语法讲义 一、五大基本句型 简单句就是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。简单句有五种基本句式，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。 简单句型一：S＋V (主＋谓) 释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S V (不及物动词) 1.Time flies. 2.The moon rose. 3.She sings beautifully. 4.They talked for half an hour. 5.He walked yesterday. [特别注意] 主语可有修饰语———定语，谓语可有修饰语———状语。 The red sun rises in the east.红色的太阳从东方升起。 简单句型二：S＋V＋O (主＋谓＋宾) 释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。 S V (及物动词) O (宾语) 1.Who knows the answer？ 2.She laughs at her. 3.They ate some apples. 4.Danny likes swimming. 5.I want to have a cup of tea. 易混点 1 ：只带 V-ing 做宾语的动词有： suggest， advise， stop， resist， enjoy， imagine，finish， admit， excuse， delay， practise, consider， keep， mind， understand， avoid， miss， risk ，succeed in， be busy，be worth， be used to， give up， look forward to 易混点 2 ：带 to do 做宾语的动词有： offer, learn, intend, plan, demand, ask, promise, help，prepare，decide, determine，refuse， dare，manage，wish, hope, want, expect， fail，pretend，choose, seem,agree, etc. 简单句型三：S＋V＋IO＋DO (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾) 释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。 S V (及物) IO (多指人) DO (多指物) 1.She passed him a new dress. 2.She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3.I showed him my pictures. 4.I told him how to run the machine. 5.He showed me the bus over there. 此句型中常见的谓语动词：give buy bring tell send leave pass write take show get teach pay hand 等。 可借助to的: bring, give, lend, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等； 可借助for的：buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save等。 He brings me cookies every day. 2. Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 3. Grandma told us an interesting story last night. 4. Pass me the book,please 5. He showed the ticket to the conductor. 简单句型四：S＋V＋O＋C (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补) 释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 S V (及物) O (宾语) C (宾补) 1.We keep the table clean. 2.What makes him sad？ 3.We saw him out. 4.He asked me to come back soon. 5.I saw them getting on the bus. 注意：用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：find/think/consider it +宾补+to do.. I found it very pleasant to be with your family. Both sides consider it desirable to fu ... ...