B2 Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures导学案 【Learning Objectives】 In this class, students will： 1. identify and summarize the form and the functions of the present perfect passive voice. 2. compare the present perfect passive voice with the active and change the active form into the passive form. 【预习案】将下列句子变成被动语态。 1. Many people around the globe speak Chinese now. 2. Someone stole my bike yesterday. 3. We will finish the report by tomorrow. 4. Hunters are hunting African elephants every year. 5. The Internet has greatly improved Jan's life. 【探究案】 1. 现在完成时的结构 主动式 被动式 肯定式 否定式 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 2. 主动语态变为被动语态的原则 三变：原句主语;宾语;谓语 三不变：原句意思、时态和主谓宾以外的部分 3. 将下列句子变为被动语态。 They look very happy because they have solved the difficult problems. _____ Scientists have made a new robot which can walk and talk like humans. _____ The government has spent a lot of money on the Hope Project. _____ Has the school sent them abroad to study English _____ Who has the host invited _____ 现在完成时的被动语态 定义： 1. 表示动作已经被完成，或截止到现在，与since+过去时间，so far/up to now/by now到目前为止, recently/lately最近, for three days，over the years, in the past ten years在过去的10年里，over the last two months在过去的两个月里，等时间状语连用； eg. The child has been taken care of by his grandma over the years. eg. The software has been downloaded to help my phone battery last longer. eg. First as a PC and then as a laptop, a computer has been used in offices and homes since the 1970s. Tips注意事项: ① 由finish, buy, start, begin, post, return, borrow, marry, open等词构成的现在完成时的被 动语态, 不能与表示段时间的状语，如for four days, how long等连用，而要改换动词或时 态。 判断正误: * How long has this book been bought （ ） * How long ago was this book bought （ ） ② 短语动词不能分割，而且不能省略短语动词中的介词或副词。 判断正误: *The patient has been taken good care. ( ) *The patient has been taken good care of. ( ) ③ 并不是所有的动词都有被动语态。如happen, occur, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组，就没有被动语态。 判断正误: *Some of the best conversations have ever happened around the dinner table. ( ) *Some of the best conversations have been happened around the dinner table. ( ) ④双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语, 另一个保留不动。 主动: I have given him the key. 被动: He has been given the key. 被动: The key has been given to him. ⑤ 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 只能将宾语变为主语, 原来的宾补保留不动, 改成 主语补足语。 主动: I have asked her to help you. 被动: She has been asked to help you. ⑥ 主动语态中作宾语补足语的不带to的不定式，变为被动时，要加上to。 主动：The engineer made the robot clean the windows of the tall building. 被动：The robot was made to clean the windows of the tall building. 【堂练】单句语法填空 1. The construction of the new railway lines _____ (finish) by now. 2. A new library and a gymnasium ... ...
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