连词（英语语法第17章）讲义（含答案）-2025届高三英语二轮复习专项

第17章连词 17-1连词是用来连接词、短语、从句或句子的词。连词不作成分 连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分,只能在词、短语、从句或句子之间起连接作用。 [例] I told Mother, Father, Sister and all my friends here what a great time I had.“我告诉爸爸、妈妈、姐姐和这里我所有的朋友说我玩得多么高兴。” and是连词,连接三个并列的名词 Mother, Father, Sister和一个名词短语all my friends. [例] Should the wallet, found in the street, be put into pocket _____ turned over to the policeman A. and B. or C. then d. but 答案是B。“在街上捡到的这个钱包是装进口袋呢,还是交给警察呢 ”句中or为连词,连接两个作谓语的动词短语。 [例]“Hand up _____ get out! “ A. or B. and C. but D. to 答案是B。“举起手来滚出去!”and为连词,连接两个并列的分句。 17-2连词分为两类:并列连词和从属连词 ①连接等同成份的词是并列连词。等同成分可以是单词、短语、分句或句子。连接两个句子时,则构成并列句。详见第24章并列句. [例] -- I don' 't like chicken _____fish. --I don't like chicken, _____I like fish very much. A. and, and B. and, but C. or, and D. or, but 答案是D。一“我不喜欢鸡肉和鱼肉。”一“我不喜欢鸡肉,但是我特别喜欢鱼肉。”第一句中的or连接两个名词,看作简单句。第二句中的but连接两个句子,构成并列句。 ②把从句和主句连接起来的词叫作从属连词。从属连词可分为两类:一类引导名词性从句;另一类引导副词性从句 [例] _____ you don't' like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 答案是C。“你不喜欢他,这与我无关。”句中连词that引导名词性从句。that本身无词义,只起连接作用,在从句中不担任任何成分;而 其它引导名词性从句的连词在从句中要担任一定的成分。如“what”, “whether等。 [例] _____he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B.That C. That fact D. The matter 答案是A。“他在会上所说的话使在场的人大吃一惊。”连词what引导名词性从句,在句中作主语,而它在从句中作动词said的宾语。 [例] If _____ by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a message. “如果碰巧有人找我,请他们留个信。” 连词if在句中引导副词性从句--条件状语从句。 17-3从语义上看,并列连词有四种:表示平行关系、转折关系、选择关系 和因果关系 常见并列连词分类表 注:当这些并列连词连接两个主语(如:A…B)时,标“*”者,谓语动词要与后一主语(B)一致;标“▲”者,要与两个主语(A+B)的“和”一致,用复数动词;标“。”者,一律与前一主语(A)一致。参见“第二章主谓一致” 17-4表示平行或对等关系的并列连词使用中要注意连词前后的成分一定是对等的,而且是同向的 [例] Jim wanted very much to' make his mark in music but finally he succeeded with the help of his teacher。 答案是： 将but改为and。 “吉姆很想在音乐上成名,而且在老师的帮助下他终于成功了。”根据句意,两个分句是并列的关系,而不是转折的关,故应改正之。 注：当几项成分用and表示并列关系时,一般只在最后两项之间用and,其前的各成分间用逗号;但若是强调各个 成分时,也有各成分间都用and连接的。 [例] Special courses in English for business, travel, banking, hotel manage-ment and office skills are taught in Modern English school.“现代英语学校教授英语特别课程:商业、旅游、银行业、旅馆管理和办公技巧。 [例] Here for four very difficult years they worked every moment that they could spare, weighing and boiling and measuring ... ...