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课件网) Using language BY MICHELLE If you want to express your ideas clearly and completely, which one will you choose, using words or sentences used to modify a word or sentence main elements subject 主语 predicate 谓语 object 宾语 attribute 定语 predicative 表语 adverbial 状语 complement 补足语 What makes a sentence 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语 什么 +怎么样 句子是一个完整的意义单位,由不同的句子成分(parts of speech)构成。其中,最重要的成分就是主语(S)和谓语(V),分别表明句子的主体和主体的动作或状态。此外,句子成分还包括宾语(O)、表语(P)、状语(A)、宾语补足语(C)等,它们共同组成了英语中的基本句型,并承担不同的表意功能。 一个英文句子就是在表达: 主语S+谓语动词V (主语可以独立完成的动作) 1 谓语是主语所做的动作。这种句型的动词是不及物动词(即该动作可以独立发生,不牵涉到别的人或物。动词后不可以直接接宾语,本身句子意思已经完整)。常见的不及物动词有:work, jump, arrive, come, disappear, cry, happen, die等。 She sleeps. I arrived. He will come. He is working. I am crying. Basic Sentence Structures 【谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有特征或状态】 【句子说明的人或事物,即:什么】 Jay Chou is a famous singer. He likes singing best. The young show great interest in his music. It’s hard for him to lose weight. Doing more exercise is helpful to keep fit. What he really needs is a cup of bubble tea. (名词) (代词) (The+adj.作名词) (句子) (to do不定式作真正主语) (动名词) 主语(subject)【句子说明的人或事物】 主语S+谓语动词V+宾语O (有1个动作承受者) 2 【动作作用的对象】 此句型的谓语动词是及物动词,后面必须跟宾语,这样句子意思才完整。宾语是动作作用的对象。 She likes you. I admire them. He read books. I play basketball. We love our motherland. Basic Sentence Structures Show your passport, please. She didn’t say anything. I found it interesting to learn English. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Can you write down what I said (名词) (代词) (形式宾语) (不定式) (动名词) (句子) 宾语(object)【动作的对象或承受者———及物动词/介词后】 Mindy is a beautiful girl. The shouting girl has beautiful eyes. Mindy is a teacher who teaches English. The students invited to the party were from Chengdu. (形容词) (现在分词、形容词) (句子) (过去分词) 定语(attribute)【用来修饰限定名词或代词的品质特征】 主语S+谓语动词V+间接宾语IO +直接宾语DO (有2个动作承受者) 3 【give 给,要做“给”的动作,首先要有给的东西,还得有人接受】 有些谓语动词需要跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。直接宾语通常是物,间接宾语通常是人。 *两个宾语并不相等 He gives me a pen. She shows us care. She teaches us English. △常见的接双宾语的动词有:buy, bring, give, lend, make, show, send, tell等。 △间接宾语前加上介词to/for,可将其放在直接宾语后面。 如:He gives a pen to me. Basic Sentence Structures 主语S+谓语动词V+宾语O+宾语补语OC (只有1个动作承受者,但需要补充信息才完整) 4 【补充说明宾语的状态,使句意完整、明确。即宾语“怎么样”】 He considers you clever. She called the girl baby. They found the door open. The food made ... ...