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课件网) 第一部分 中考语法知识 第十一节 非谓语动词 非谓语动词概述 类型 要点 定义 非谓语动词指不能独立作谓语，但又具备动词的某些特征的动词形式 语法精炼 类型 要点 特点 没有人称和数的变化，可以充当除谓语外其他的句子成分，如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语或状语等，具有名词、形容词或副词的作用 形式 (1)由“to＋动词原形”构成的不定式； (2)由“动词原形＋-ing”构成的动词的-ing形式； (3)由“动词原形＋-ed”构成的动词的-ed形式(包括动词的不规则变化) 考点一：动词不定式 句子成分 用法 例句 作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种形式：(1)把不定式置于句首；(2)把不定式后置，常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语置于句尾 To do the work well is not easy. It is our duty to keep the environment clean and tidy. 句子成分 用法 例句 作宾语 只能跟不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, want, would like, decide, wish, choose, agree, ask, expect等；当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，常用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动词＋it＋补语＋to do I hope to see him as soon as possible. I decided to ask for my money back. I find it difficult to learn English well. 句子成分 用法 例句 作宾语 补足语 常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, want, teach, help, invite, advise, encourage, like, wait for等；谓语动词如果是使役动词make, let, have或表示感官的动词see, hear, watch, notice, feel等，后面复合结构中的不定式不带to Please ask him to come here quickly. The teacher wants us all to become good pupils. I didn’t hear anyone say anything about it. 句子成分 用法 例句 作表语 不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；当主语是duty, wish, idea, job, dream, plan等词时，作表语的非谓语动词常用不定式，以说明主语的内容 To see is to believe. Our plan is to finish the work in a month. 句子成分 用法 例句 作定语 不定式作定语时，与其所修饰的名词有动宾关系。若动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，还需加上必要的介词，构成及物动词短语。不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后 I need a pen to write with. The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy. The next train to arrive is from Washington. 句子成分 用法 例句 作状语 不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语保持一致 We went to the hospital to see our teacher. I’m sorry to trouble you. 注意：“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构的作用相当于一个名词性从句，常用在动词tell, know, imagine, learn, decide, forget, remember, consider, understand等后面作宾语，也可作主语、表语、同位语等。 【针对练习】 ( ) 1．(2024 广州，15)“Now, we are trying our best _____ the penguin eggs. Do you want to help me？” Dad asked. A．protect B．to protect C．protecting D．protected B ( )2．(2024 南通，4) _____ more about rare wild animals, I spent some time searching online last night. A．To learn B．Learning C．Learned D．Learn ( )3．(2024 天津，28)People may use different body language _____ the same feelings. A．show B．to show C．showed D．shows A B ( )4．(2024 扬州，5)China has made great efforts _____ other countries build high-speed railways. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped ( )5 ... ...
