2025年中考语法专题:现在完成时详细讲解 一、现在完成时构成: have\has+过去分词(have\has为助动词,有人称单复数变化,没有实际意思) 二、现在完成时的定义 1. 过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I've already had my lunch。【表示我已经吃过午餐,并且现在不饿】 2. 发生在过去并持续到现在的动作或状态。 I've lived here for 10 years. = I've lived here since 10 years ago. 【表示我10年前就住在这里,并且现在也住这里】 三.基本构成 have/has +过去分词 肯定句 主语+have/has+过去分词 I have finished the task. 否定句 主语+haven't\hasn’t+过去分词 She hasn't finished her work yet. 疑问句 Have /Has +主语+过去分词... Has Lucy finished the task 简单回答 Yes, sb have/has. No, sb haven’t/hasn’t. Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t. 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+have/ has 主语done What has he done 四.过去分词变化 规则变化: ①一般动词,在词尾直接加“-ed”:treat →treated ②以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”:create→created ③过去分词 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i",再加“-ed”:reply→replied ④重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“-ed”stopped ⑤不规则变化:lie→lay→lain(注意过去式与过去分词的区别) 五、时间标志词 1. 过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 现在完成时可以和already(通常用于陈述句), yet(通常用于否定句和疑问句), just(用于陈述句), ever(用于疑问句), never(用于否定句), before, twice, three times等连用。 标志词 词义 例句 already 已经 They have already chosen Li Ping to be the team captain. ever 曾经 Have ever chatted online 你曾经网上聊过天吗? never 从未 I have never chatted online. 我从来没有在网上聊天过。 just 刚刚 You have just come back from your hometown. yet 还 Have you handed in your homework yet 你交作业了吗? recently 最近 David has made great progress recently. once,twice,a few times 几次 I have been there twice 自2015年以来,我已经去过那里两次 during/in the past+一段时间 在过去的...时间 Our country has made great achievements during the past decades. 我国在过去几十年中取得了巨大成就。 发生在过去并持续到现在的动作或状态。 表示从过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时(肯定句和疑问句中动词必须用延续性动词),时间状语有:during/in the past(last) few years , for +时间段, since…ago, since+过去时间点, since+过去式句子,by now, up to now, recently, in recent years… I have been away from my hometown for three years.(我离开家乡有3年了) = I have been away from my hometown since three years ago. = I have been away from my hometown since 2019. = It is 3 years since I left my hometown. 【辨别】 1.already和yet的区别 1. already. adv. “已经”多用于肯定句中,通常与动词的完成时或进行时连用。 ① I’ve seen the film already. 我已经看过这部电影了。 ② The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。 2. yet. adv. “已经、仍然、还”一般只用于否定句或疑问句,且常常置于句末。如: ① He hasn’t found his bike yet. 他还没有找到他的自行车。 ②Have you read Treasure Island yet 你读过《金银岛》? 【注意】already也可用于疑问句,但不表真心的疑问,而表“惊奇”。它多置于句中。有时为了强调而置于句末。 Hav ... ...
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