2025年高考英语语法 定语从句（讲义）

2025年高考英语语法定语从句 定语含义： 修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 （定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词（现在分词或过去分词）、副词、不定式（短语）以及介词短语等来充当，也可以由一个句子来充当。） 定语从句含义： 修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 定语从句一般紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。 定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时在从句中充当某种成分。 先行词： 是被定语从句所修饰的词 （通常是名词或代词） 关系词 1.引导定语从句 2.在从句中替代先行词， 3.在定语从句中充当一定的成分， （关系代词通常是充当主语或宾语，作宾语时常可以省略。关系副词通常是充当地点状语、时间状语、原因状语） 关系词 所修饰的先行词 在从句中所作的成分 关系代词 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 which 物/事 主语、宾语 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人/物 定语 as 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 关系副词 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词 地点状语 why 原因名词（the reason） 原因状语 关系代词具体用法： 关系代词 用法 例子 that 先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 ①This is the person that you are looking for. ②This is an old computer that works much slower. which 先行词是物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 ①Mary likes music which is quiet and gentle. ②The film which we saw last night was very interesting. who/whom 先行词是人， who的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语， whom的先行词只在从句中作宾语。 ①Here comes the man who wants to see you. ②This is the boy who/whom you wants to find. whose 先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语，后面有名词，表示“……的”。 ①This is the girl whose parents are very busy. ②I'd like a room whose windows are big. 注意： 先行词指物，可用which，也可用that,但下面情况用 that 不用which。 （1）当先行词是 all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing, none, some等不定代词时。 　He did everything that he could to help us. 　When I was younger, all that my dad said was doctrine. （2）当先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the right, the last, few, just等修饰时。 　The very air(that)I breathed was filled with sand! 　Many trees line the road, including some pine trees that were first planted during the Ming Dynasty. （3）当先行词既有人又有物时。 　She described in her diary the people and the places that impressed her most. （4）当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 The first thing that came into my mind was his words. It was the most frightening and the most dangerous situation that I've ever been in. （5）当关系代词出现在以who或which开头的疑问句中时，为避免重复，关系代词用that。 Who is the boy that is talking to Tina in English 不可用that的情况： 关系代词前有介词时。 The garden in which a variety of flowers are planted attracts a great many visitors. 在非限制性定语从句中。 He failed in the match, which was a pity. 补充： whose既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，意为“·····的”。 whose + n.=the + n. + of whom/which=of which/whom + the + n. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 　= I live next door to a couple ... ...