2025年人教版中考英语一轮复习-词性+简单句 讲义

10 大单词词性 名词 Noun ①表示人、事物、地点等世间万物的名称②例如：Apple、China、pen，The west Lake ③主要语法：名词单复数、名词所有格、主谓一致、变化规则等 动词 Verb ①表示动作或状态②例如：smile、alleviate、finish、attempt ③主要语法：be 动词、情态动词、助动词、系动词、被动语态等 形容词 Adjective ①表示人或事物的性质、状态或特征；修饰名词或代词adj+n ②例如:beautiful，useful，smart ③主要语法:比较级、最高级、做定语、表语或宾语补足语 副词 Adverbs ①说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词；修饰动词或形容词 ②例如： fast、quickly、widely ③主要语法：时间副词、地点副词、方式副词 I am writing now. I want to go home. She runs fast. 代词 Pronoun ①替代人或事物 ②例如：we、it、myself、them、this ③主要语法：不定代词、人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词等 数词 Numeral ①表示数量或顺序 ②例如：one、first、twenty-two ③ 主要语法：序数词、基数词、日期的表达、数词的表达等 冠词 Article ①限定名词的意义；用于名词之前 ②例如：a、an、the（仅此三个） ③主要语法：定冠词（the）、不定冠词(a、an）、零冠词 连词 Conjunction ①用来连接句子、短语和词语 ②例如：and、but、so、however、either or ③主要语法：从属连词、并列连词 介词 Preposition ①表示名词或代词和其他词的关系 ②例如：in、on、about、by、after ③主要语法：地点介词、方向介词、时间介词、介词短语等 Members of a Sentence句子成分 主语（ Subject）: 是一个句子的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词或相当于名词的词充当，一般置于句首。 请阅读以下句子，划出各个句子中的主语。 Friendship comes first. We are students. Three of us will help you. The old need help The dying are crying. The wounded are being taken care of . To teach you is my honour. Learning English is a piece of cake. What you said is wrong. Whether he will come is not known . 二． 谓语(Predicate) 说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词或动词短语充当.动词有人称，时态，单复数，语态的变化。谓语动词分为及物，不及物，连系动词和实意动词。请划出下列句子的谓语。 1 I am/He is /You are a student. 2. We often read English in the morning. 3. We should get along well with each other. 4. Whether he will come is not known . 5. The wounded are being taken care of . 6. What to do hasn’t been decided . 7. Three of us will help you. 三． 宾语(Object)：是表示及物动词的动作对象或介词所联系的对象的。常用名词或相当于名词的词担当，置于及物动词或介词后。请划出下列句子中的宾语 We love our mother school. People from the same country understand each other better. You must learn to take care of yourselves at school. Five times six makes thirty. We should practice speaking English every day . We should love the young and respect the old . We don’t know why he is late again. We don’t know what to do next . We are proud of our school . 四．表语（ Predicative）跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.。请划出下列句子中的表语。 1. We are students and we are happy. 2.. My job is teaching. 3. My dream is to be a famous director. 4. What he said proved wrong . 6. Her voice sounds beautiful . 7. Ladies and gentlemen , please remain seated until the plane has come to a full stop . 8. He seemed t ... ...