(课件网) Unit 1 Teenage Life Discovering Useful Structures Phrases 短语或词组（Phrases）是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。 名词短语（Noun Phrases）：指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词。 形容词短语（Adjective Phrases）：指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词。 副词短语（Adverb Phrases）：指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词。 Phrases 名词短语(Noun Phrases) （限定词）+（形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词）+名词+（介词短语） 在句中当作名词用，一般用作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补语。 a beautiful campus some school clubs a beautiful campus of my school 组成 功能 例子 Phrases 形容词短语(Adjective Phrases) （副词）+形容词+（介词短语） 在句中当作形容词用，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补语。 very suitable really very confusing strong enough 组成 功能 例子 再长的句子也是由这几个要素构成： 单词（word）；短语(phrase)；分句(clause)；句子(sentence) 短语 分类 名词短语（NP） 动词短语(VP) 形容词短语(adjP) 副词短语(advP) 介词短语(P.P) Find and mark the phrases in the sentences that fit the categories below. Then state their functions. Activity 1 Improve a draft Noun Phrase（NP） word group with a noun as its head word Adjective Phrase（AdjP）word group with an adjec- tive as its head word Adverb Phrase（AdvP） word group with an adverb as its head word Example: 1 The first week was a little confusing. NP AdjP 名词短语 名词短语（Noun Phrase） 以名词为中心的短语 在句子中的作用相当于一个名词 在句中作主语、宾语、表语等 名词短语（Noun Phrase）的构成 ① adj. + n. /n. + adj. extra-curricular activities 课外活动 homeless people 无家可归的人 advanced maths 高等数学 ② n. + n. a woman doctor 一名女医生 ③ n. + and + n. teachers and students 老师和学生 名词短语的构成规则： eg: the man in blue; a lot of work to do; the first to come; the weather here; a highway leading into the mountains a highway which leads into the mountains 结构：名词+修饰语（后置定语） 放在被修饰名词的后面的修饰语： here，there；介词短语；不定式；分词短语；定语从句 NP的功能： eg: 1: The young man is a bus driver. 2: I have three close friends 3: They made him chairman of the meeting. 在句中当作名词用，一般做主语，宾语， 表语，或宾语补足语。 形容词短语 的构成规则： Adj P的功能： 1:副词+adj： very annoyed; quite suitable 2:adj+enough: formal enough 3:adj+介词： full of/good at/annoyed with 4：adj+and/but+adj: young but wise; long and wide 在句中当作形容词用，作定语修饰名词或代词， 还可以用做表语，状语或者宾语补足语。 eg: 1:The bridge is long and wide today! 2: I found the boy quite handsome. 3: The school bag full of books was new. 4.Afraid of difficulty, he prefers to do the easy math problems. 副词短语的构成规则： 1:副词+adv： very quickly; quite fast 2:adv+enough: well enough; quickly enough 3：adv+and+adv: again and again; Adv P：在句中当作副词用，做状语或者宾语补足语。 eg: 1: All boys run quite fast. 2.You did it well enough. 3. He finished the experiment much more creatively. rase ... ...
