
Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 现在完成进行时 一、构成形式 现在完成进行时的构成是“have/has + been + 现在分词(动词的 -ing 形式)”。例如: I have been studying English for three hours.(我已经学习英语三个小时了。) She has been reading that book since this morning.(她从今天早上起就一直在读那本书。) 二、基本用法 (一)表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到现在,可能刚刚结束,也可能还在继续进行 强调持续过程:它侧重于描述动作持续的时间长度,让人们更清楚地了解到某个行为一直在延续着。例如: They have been building the bridge for two years.(他们修建这座桥已经两年了。)(桥可能还没建好,还在继续修建的过程中) I have been waiting for you since half past two.(我从两点半就一直在等你。)(也许等到说话时还在等) 与时间段连用:常和“for + 时间段”“since + 时间点”等表示时间延续的状语搭配使用,清晰地体现出动作持续的时长。比如: He has been working on this project since last month.(他从上个月起就一直在做这个项目。) We have been living in this city for five years.(我们在这座城市已经生活了五年了。) (二)表示在近期内反复发生的动作,带有一定的感彩(通常是不满、抱怨等) 表达情绪:这种用法下,往往通过重复的动作来传达说话者的情绪态度。例如: She has been making the same mistake again and again.(她老是一遍又一遍地犯同样的错误。)(这里含有不满的情绪) You have been interrupting me all the time.(你老是不停地打断我。)(表达抱怨) 三、与现在完成时的区别 (一)侧重点不同 现在完成进行时:更强调动作的持续性,突出动作一直在进行的过程,人们关注的重点在于这个动作持续的状态。例如: I've been painting my room.(我一直在粉刷我的房间。)(强调一直在做粉刷这个动作,过程还在持续或者刚结束不久) 现在完成时:侧重动作的完成结果以及对现在造成的影响。比如: I've painted my room.(我已经粉刷完我的房间了。)(强调房间已经粉刷好这个结果) (二)时间状语搭配倾向不同 现在完成进行时:常与“for + 时间段”“since + 时间点”“all day”“all morning”等表示一段时间且着重体现动作持续过程的状语搭配。例如: She has been cooking all morning.(她一上午都在做饭。) 现在完成时:除了上述时间状语外,也常用“already”(已经)、“just”(刚刚)、“yet”(还,尚)、“ever”(曾经)、“never”(从不)等副词来强调完成的情况或询问完成与否等。例如: I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成作业了。) 习题对点练习 一、单项选择 1.—I believe that Cathy will pass the oral English test this time. —Absolutely. She _____ for the test in the last three weeks. A.prepared B.will prepare C.has prepared D.has been preparing 2.Scientists research on the migration of monarchs ever since they found this kind of insects are in trouble. A.had done B.are doing C.have been doing D.did 3.Dr. Li, as well as her parents, _____ hard to treat patients and develop medicines over the past two months. A.are working B.has been working C.have been working D.had worked 4.Peter _____ a book in the reading room all morning; it must be very interesting. A.has read B.has been reading C.was reading D.had read 5.Lucy _____ guitar lessons for three years, but now she is practising piano. A.is having B.had C ... ...
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