第一练 中国结 Chinese knots are a craft that has been around for 1. _____ very long time. They appeared in ancient times, developed in the Tang and Song dynasties (618—1279) and was popularized in Ming and Qing dynasties ( 1368—1912). Over the long history of Chinese knots, there have been various shapes of knots with varying complexities. All the different kinds of knots 2. _____ (name) either after their shapes 3. _____ the symbolic meanings of the knots. Chinese knots are mainly made with red cords, although they can vary 4. _____ color. As we know, red is a very important and the most popular color in China, symbolizing fortune and wealth. In modern China, the knots are mainly used as decorative items for homes. Additionally, they are commonly presented as presents on special 5. _____ (occasion) . It is believed that the ancient Chinese 6. _____ (original) made knots as a way 7. _____ (exchange) and record information. There is a pretty recent 8. _____ (discover) of bone tools that were used for 9. _____ (tie) knots. It is believed that the shape of a knot would describe the nature of the 10 . _____ (record) event, while the size of the knot would signify the importance of the event. 第二练 灯笼 Combining techniques with delicate designs, palace lanterns have long reflected aesthetics（美学）. In Feng Huailin's studio in Wangshou Village, Yuncheng, Shanxi Province, 1. _____ 62-year-old lantern maker still uses traditional techniques 2. _____ (date) back to the Qing Dynasty (1636—1912), which have been inherited through his family. Consisting 3. _____ nearly 300 wood components, a set of palace lanterns usually takes Feng and his wife Duan Jinju at least a month to make. Large sets take them up to three months. "My childhood memories are connected to lanterns as both my father 4. _____ grandfather made them," Feng says, adding that it has been a local tradition for grandparents 5. _____ (gift) a set of palace lanterns to their newborn grandchildren as blessings for a bright future. Feng's palace lanterns are constructed of wooden frames and glass panels 6. _____ (decorate) with Chinese characters, representing prosperity, fortune and （happy). He uses the centuries-old mortise-and-tenon（棒卯结构）joining technique of classical Chinese architecture without a single nail or glue for his lanterns. Since 2016, he 8. _____ (invite) to give lectures on the traditional craft at nearby schools and communities. "I was glad to speak about the technique behind palace lanterns to students, 9. _____ were curious about the craft," Feng says. Feng has also posted 10. _____ (video) on social media platforms to help popularize palace lanterns. "Although palace lanterns have been replaced by neon lights (霓虹灯) on streets, the culture and tradition behind them will not disappear," Feng says. 第三练 丝绸 Jili silk is a type of silk produced in Jili Village, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Jili Village has been producing silk 1. _____ the village was establi ... ...
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