高中阅读解题方法+组合练习提优（1）学（含答案）案-2025届高三下学期英语一轮复习专项

Unit 1 阅读理解的解题基本步骤 高考试题里，阅读理解是重头戏。那么，做阅读理解，你是先看文再做题，还是恰好相反呢？尽管阅读习惯因人而异，但做题步骤却大致相同。根据高考阅读的特点，我们总结出以下解题基本步骤。只要坚持按此步骤训练，假以时日就可达到事半功倍的效果。 第一招：解题基本三步骤 第一步：浏览全文，抓住中心。 在这一步，务必牢记两个原则：读懂首段和其余段落的首末句；捕捉信息词。 拿到阅读材料，不少学生总是一口气从头读到尾，阅读速度看似很快，往往却是读到哪儿忘到哪儿。要改变这种做法，就要遵循以上两个原 则。 那么，哪些是信息词呢？信息词包括①关键名词的定语、同位语成分；②逻辑连接副词及相关连词（下文又称为“路标词”）；③有态度暗示作用的形容词、副词：④反复出现的词。 议论文和说明文的信息词比较容易捕捉；而记叙文，由于信息词比较模糊，阅读时就要格外注意文中的个性化表达，由一些情绪词来推断作者的言外之意。 第二步：审题定位。 通过审题定位，将每道题与原文的特定处挂起钩来。 如何做好审题定位呢？在完成第一步的基础上，认真读题，找出题干中的关键词（即定位词），然后在原文中定位关键词所在的句子，仔细阅读。这是一种定位意识，对于做题至关重要。 友情提醒：读题时要注意以下三点： 1．按问题顺序查读原文； 一般说来，问题出现的顺序往往对应原文的叙述顺序。因此，返回原文定位时可以按问题顺序进行。当然，主旨题等综合性题可以按本书后面介绍的方法做。 2．关键词／定位词在原文可能是问题中的原词，也可能是它的同义词； 3．要注意问题中涉及的观点或态度是作者的还是其他人的。 第三步：仔细比较。 这一步非常重要，是高考英语阅读的难点所在。有些考生读懂了（或误以为读懂了）原文，但正确率不高，究其原因，有些是凭印象做题，有些是凭常识做题，也有些是理解有误。切记：凭印象或常识做理是靠不住的，一切要眼见为实，务必仔细比较题干或选项与它们在文章中的对应句。 【典例】【重庆卷C篇，题目有删减】 Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels,yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know,however,that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia. The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5,100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn't become popular for a while, though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around. But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces,roads with smooth surfaces weren't going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually,road surfaces did become smoother,but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later.There had been a important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modem road design. In the mid-1700s，a Frenchman came up with a new design of road-a baselayer（层）of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong,lasting road surface became a reality. At around the same lime, metal hubs (the central part of a wheel) came into being followed by the pneumatic tyre（充气轮胎） in 1846． Alloy wheels were invented in 1967，sixty years after ... ...