(
课件网) 句型结构 什么是句子？ 由单词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？ ！ I am a teacher. Are you a student How beautiful the girl is ! 2 词性（parts of speech） 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词，根据词在句中的作用叫词性。(parts of speech)。 十大词性 实词（6）：名词n. 动词v. 代词pron.数词num. 形容词adj. 副词adv. 虚词（4）： 冠词art. 介词prep. 连词conj. 感叹词interj. 词性用法 1. 名词:主、宾、表 2. 动词:谓 3. 代词:主、宾、表 4. 形容词:定、表 5. 副词:状 6. 数词:定、表 冠词、介词、连词、感叹词：不作成分 4 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有八种： 主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾语（object）、表语（predicative）、定语（attribute）状语(adverbial) 、宾语补足语（complement）、同位语(appositive)。 句子包括哪些成分？ 动作的发出者，句子的中心对象。由名词、动名词、代词、不定式或从句充当．位于句首． The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. They are good friends. １．主语 2.谓语 He studies hard. He can speak English. They are teachers. She looks well. 主语的动作或身份、状态、性格特征。由实义动词/动词短语或系动词+表语者充当．位于主语之后。 3.宾语 动作的承受者，说明主语做了什么。由名词、代词、动名词、不定式或从句充当．位于实义动词之后． She plays the piano. He often helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon. I think that he is good boy. 8 4.表语 说明主语的身份、状态、性格特征。由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、或者从句充当．位于系动词之后． I am a teacher. She feels happy. My sister is quiet . His books are everywhere. They are at home now. 5.定语 限定名词．由形容词、形容词性代词、名词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词或分词充当。位于名词之前/后。 The black bike is mine. What’s your name They have tomato plants. I have 5 books. The boy in the room is Peter. 6.状语 动作发生的方式、程度、频度、地点、时间、目的。修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。由副词、介词短语、不定式充当。位于动词/动词短语之前或后或形容词之前。 He does homework carefully. She is very /so/too cute. I often play basketball with my brother at home after school. People eat birthday noodles to wish for a long life. 7.宾语补足语 I’ll make you king. She always make me happy. Exercise makes us healthy. 补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的。由名词、形容词、介词短语、副词、不定式充当．位于宾语后面。 8.同位语 We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批学生） Li Lei, my brother, is in Class 12,Grade 7. (my brother是Li Lei的同位语） I have a dog,Coco. This is my teacher,Mr. Li. 对另外一个名词或人称代词进行补充说明。由名词充当。位于主语/宾语/表语之后。 三种句型结构：简单句、并列句和复合句。 简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. They often walk, talk and laugh. 种 类 类型 主语S 谓语 V 表/宾语P/O 宾语 O 宾补OC 1 S+V（主＋谓） I read. ２ Ｓ＋V＋P （主＋系＋表） We are students. ３ Ｓ＋Ｖ＋O ... ...
