Unit 8 What are the shirts made of？ 知识清单 2024-2025学年鲁教版（五四学制）八年级英语下册

Unit 8 What are the shirts made of 一、词形变化： 1.environment（n）--_____ (adj.自然环境的) 2.leaf（n.）--_____(pl.) 3.produce(v.)--_____(n.产品) 4.wide(adj.)--_____ (adv.广泛地，普遍地) 5.German(n.德国人)--_____(n.德国)6.compete(v.)--_____ (n.竞争者)--_____(n. 竞争)7.history(n.)--_____(adj.历史的) 8.hot(adj.)--_____(n.高温v.加热) 二．重点短语: 1.be made of... _____2.be made in... _____3. environmental protection _____4. be famous for…=_____5. 据我所知_____ 6. on the sides of mountains_____7.手工_____ 8. all over the world_____ 9. according to_____10.be covered with…_____11. in trouble _____ 12. paper cutting_____13. a fairy tale_____14. at a very high heat_____ 三. 重要知识点 1. 被动语态 (Passive Voice) (1)被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作_____者。 (2)被动语态基本结构：be+及物动词的过去分词(此处be 是_____词，有_____的变化) 一般现在时的被动语态结构为：_____ (3)被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语，放在句末，by 表示“由，被”的意思 如何理解被动语态？ 为更清晰、更深刻地理解被动语态的含义，可以将主动语态和被动语态的句子结构进行比较: 主动语态： 主语+ 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 其他成分 被动语态： 主语+ be +过去分词 + by +宾语 +其他成分 如： Many people speak English. 被动语态 English is spoken by many people. 即时练习： 把下列的主动句变为被动句。 People play football all over the world. The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully. 被动语态的几种句型 1.肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by…) Eg：A sweet song is sung by her on the stage. 2.否定句 主语 + be + not +过去分词 + (by…) Eg：A sweet song isn’t sung by her on the stage. 3.一般疑问句 Be + 主语 +过去分词 + (by…) Eg：Is a sweet song sung by her on the stage 4.特殊疑问句 疑问词 + be + 主语 +过去分词 + (by…) Eg：Where is a sweet song sung by her 按要求改写下列句子。 1.Do you water your flowers every day (变为被动句) 2. This English song is sung by the girls after class. ① 改为否定句 ②改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答 ③对划线提问 (4)含有双宾语的句子变被动语态： 双宾语：即直接宾语(常指事物)和间接宾语(常指人)的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式，但多以间接宾语作主语。 Eg： Jack told us the truth.（变为被动语态） We were told the truth by Jack. 　 The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 练习：He passes me the football. (改成被动语态) I _____ _____ the football by him. The football _____ _____ _____ me by him. (5)动词的主动形式表示被动之意 1)系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意。常见的系动词有： be动词, look, seem, appear, feel, sound, smell, taste等 Eg： It smells terrible. That sounds good. 2) 不及物动词sell, wash, read, write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 Eg： This book sells well. 这本书畅销。 The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。 3)下列动词(词组)没有被动式： happen, take place, break out, belong to, come out, cost, take Eg：An accident happened yesterday. 练一练： 用所给动词的正确形式填空。 ①Sunglasses _____ (use) for protecting people’s eyes. ②A picture _____ (put) up ... ...