(
课件网) 第十二章 句子成分 【复习要求】 理解句子的成分。 【知识要点】 英语的句子大都由主语部分与谓语部分组成。句子成分是句中起一定作用的一个组成部分。句子成分可以分为八种: 一、主语 主语是一个句子的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首,可用作主语的有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等。如: Professor Wang is a well known scholar.王教授是一位著名的学者。(名词) I read newspaper every day.我每天都看报纸。(代词) 1002 is my room number.1002是我的房号。(数词) To be a professor has always been his dream. 当教授一直是他的梦想。(动词不定式) Smoking is harmful to health.吸烟对健康有害。(动名词) What we shall do next is not yet decided. 下一步我们做什么还未定下来。(主语从句) The aged are well taken care of in the village. 这个村里的老人都得到了很好的照顾。 (名词化的形容词) 二、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作、状态或特征,可由简单动词或动词短语构成。如: His mother is a doctor.(系动词) We study English.(行为动词) We should pay attention to English idioms. 我们应注意英语的习语。(动词短语) 三、表语 表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等,位于连系动词之后。可以用作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、介词短语以及动词不定式、动名词、分词或表语从句等。如: His father is a lawyer.(名词) This dictionary is mine,not hers.(代词) He is always careless.他总是粗心。(形容词) The football match is on.足球赛正在进行。(副词) Your number is 42.你的号码是42。(数词) All the pupils are on the playground. 所有的学生都在操场上。(介词短语) Her job is to look after the children. 她的工作是照看孩子。(不定式短语) His job is teaching you how to use the machine. 他的工作是教你们怎样使用这台机器。(动名词短语) He seemed surprised at the news. 他似乎对这消息感到吃惊。(分词) The key question is how we should solve the problem. 关键的问题是我们应该怎样解决这个问题。(从句) 四、宾语 宾语常常是动作的承受者,一般置于及物动词或介词之后。可以作宾语的有名词、代词、数词或与之相当的结构。如: He bought a computer last year.(名词) We help each other and learn from each other.(代词) I asked for six.我要了六个。(数词) They began to listen to me carefully.(不定式短语) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow 你介意明天早点来吗 (动名词短语) We should heal the wounded and save the dying. 我们应该救死扶伤。(名词化的形容词或分词) I don’t know where he has gone.(从句) 五、定语 定语是用来限定或修饰名词或代词的成分,通常由形容词或有与之相当功能的词担任。形容词作定语修饰名词时一般放在被修饰语的前面,修饰不定代词时放在其后面;短语和从句作定语放在被修饰词的后面。如: He is an honest boy.(形容词) I have something important to tell you.(形容词) They are women pilots.她们是女飞行员。(名词) His proposal is worth considering.他的建议值得考虑。(代词) She met me on her way home.(副词) We’ll have a report on current affairs on Sunday morning. 我们周日上午要听时事报告。(介词短语) That’s the teaching plan for you to discuss. 这就是供你们讨论的那份教学计划。(动名词) There’s a swimming pool in their college. 他们学校有座游泳池。(动名词) The girl playing the violin is very pretty. ... ...
