八大句子成分和七大基本句型讲义-2025届高三英语复习

八大句子成分和七大基本句型 一．句子成分有八个： 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、 状语、补语、表语、同位语 主语(subject):在一个句子中充当主角,是全句述说的对象。 谓语(predicate):是主角(主语)做的动作，帮助说明主语宾语(object):动作作用的对象也是句子中的配角。 定语(attribute):修饰限定名词。 状语(adverbial):也是修饰作用:表状态，说明地点，时间，原因，结果，条件，方式，方向，程度等等。 补语(complement):对句子进行补充,使其意义完整。 表语(predicative):-也成为主语的补语，表示主语的状态。 同位语(appositive):同位语是前面名词的影分身，它和前面的名词可互换。 课堂检测： 分析黑体部分在句中所作的成分 1．The early bird catches the worm._____ 2．They are birds of a feather. _____ 3．I heard the birds singing. _____ 4．She bought the bird a cage. _____ 5．This is a picture. _____ 6．The manager asked the college student to come in._____ 7．Yesterday, l ate two hamburgers. _____ 二．Sentence Structures 句子结构 主语+谓语 I agree. _____ Setting goals gives you a focus in life._____ These habits will be helpful. _____ Finally,setting goals makes you more confident. _____ you will live a happy life._____ Rule 1 The subject(主语) and the _____ are necessary parts of a sentence. Rule 2: A transitive verb（及物动词） is always followed by a(n) _____. Objects (宾语)are usually _____ or _____._ 1. Your time and effort at senior high school will open the door to your potential. 2. The path before you leads to a world full of challenges. 3. Potential can be developed when you try hard enough. Rule 3: Some verbs can have two objects. The indirect object（间接宾语） usually refers to a person and the direct object（直接宾语） a thing. Rule 4: The object complement（宾补） adds more information about the object. Practice Match the sentences below with the correct structures. a. SV b. SVP c. SVO d. SVOO e. SVOC f. SVA g. SVOA 1.Weather matters a great deal. ( ) 2. School meals are fresh and healthy. ( ) 3. Our school offers students a balanced diet. ( ) 4. A balanced diet keeps the body healthy. ( ) 5. Students have fresh fruit and vegetables. ( ) Match the sentence below with the correct structures. a. SV b. SVP c. SVO d. SVOO e. SVOC f. SVA g. SVOA 6. Amy likes watching English films very much. ( ) 7. English learning is interesting, meaningful and practical. ( ) 8. Focusing on using English makes English learning more effective. ( ) 9. The speech began. ( ) 10. She acquires a good knowledge of English. ( ) Subject:——— Verb: Object: Predicative: Object complement: Adverbial:[ ] Attributive:( ) Example You will enjoy (personal) growth [at (high) school]. 1.You will find senior high school different from juniorhigh school. 2 Your schoolwork will be more challenging. 3 We will give you more independence. 4 You should listen more carefully. 5 You can join a club. 6 Your teachers will help you in many ways. 7 You will succeed! a SV b SVP c SVO d SVOO e SVOC f SVA g SVOA Setting goals is the first step in achieving them. (1) The tips below may help you.( )Set goals that can be achieved, Don ... ...