词性，基本句型，句子成分和长难句分析讲义及练习（学生版+教师版）2025年九年级中考英语一轮复习

英语词性，基本句型和句子成分分析 词性，句子成分和基本句型是分析句子结构的基础，通过识别句子中的主语、谓语、宾语等成分以及各成分之间的修饰关系，可以更准确地理解句子的含义，对于长难句的理解尤为重要。 一. 英语十种词性 英语词类分十种，分别是：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词 名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。 如：boy, family，glass，friendship，courage. 代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。 如：I，my, myself, mine, something, all, same, another, one . 形容词(adj.)：修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质或特征。 如：good, right, white, clever . 数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。 如：one, two, three, first, second, third, hundred, million. 动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。 如：be, like, walk, write. 副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词，其他副词或整个句子,说明时间、地点、程 度等。 如：now, here, often, quietly, slowly, very, quite. 冠词(art.)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。 如in, on, from, above, behind, with, at . 连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。 如and, but, before, that, whether, whatever . 感叹词：感叹词是用来表示说话时表达的喜怒哀乐等情感的词。 如Oh，Ah，Dear. 二. 英语句子成分 句子主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。 1. 主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，谓语动作的发出者，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句（名词性成分）表示。 练一练：划出主语并说出什么词充当的主语 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2. We often speak English in class. 3. One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5. Smoking does harm to the health. 6. The rich should help the poor. 7. It is necessary to master a foreign language. 8. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 2. 谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。由动词表示。谓语的构成如下： a、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 如：He practices running every morning. b、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。 如：We are students. 练一练：找出下列句子的谓语 1. The teacher asked me to clean the classroom. 2. She must finish her homework today. 3. She looks beautiful. 4. Tom can speak English. 5. He told me how to make a chair. 3. 宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面，宾语一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等名词性成分充当。 练一练：划出宾语并说出什么词充当的宾语 1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday. 2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 4. He pretended not to see me. 5. I enjoy listening to popular music. 6. I think（that）he is fit for his office. 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor. 4. 表语：表语用以说明主 ... ...