Unit 5 Poems Discovering Useful Structures 讲义素材 -2024-2025学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

定语从句（Attributive Clause）课堂讲义 ———高中英语选择性必修（人教版2019） 一、定语从句基本概念 定义：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句，相当于形容词的作用。 例句： The book that I borrowed is interesting.（修饰名词“book”） The girl who is singing is my sister.（修饰代词“girl”） 核心概念： 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词（如例句中的“book”和“girl”）。 关系词：连接主句和从句的词（如that, which, who, where等）。 关系词的功能：在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语。 二、关系词的分类与用法 （一）关系代词 关系词 指代对象 从句中充当的成分 例句 who 人 主语、宾语 The teacher who teaches us is kind.（主语） whom 人 宾语（可省略） The boy (whom) you met is my friend.（宾语） which 物 主语、宾语 The pen which is on the desk is mine.（主语） that 人或物 主语、宾语 The movie that We watched was amazing.（宾语） whose 人或物的所属关系 定语 The girl whose bag was lost is crying.（定语） 注意： 只能用that的情况： 先行词为不定代词（all, anything, nothing等）。 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰。 先行词既有人又有物。 例句：All that you need is here. 关系副词 关系词 修饰对象 从句中充当的成分 例句 where 地点 状语（=介词+which） This is the park where we played.（= in which） when 时间 状语（=介词+which） I remember the day when we met.（= on which） why 原因（reason） 状语（= for which） The reason why he left is unclear. 注意： 如果先行词是地点/时间/原因，但从句中缺主语或宾语，则用关系代词（which/that）。 例：The time that I spent was unforgettable. 三、特殊用法与难点突破 1. whose的替换用法 人：whose + n = the + n + of whom 例句：The girl whose eyes are blue = The girl the eyes of whom are blue. 物：whose + n = the + n + of which 例句：The house whose roof is red = The house the roof of which is red. 2. as的用法 非限制性定语从句（指代整个句子）：位置灵活，可放句首、句中或句末。 例：As we all know, the earth is round. 限制性定语从句：与such, the same连用。 例：He bought the same bike as I have. 3. way作先行词 从句中作状语：可用that/in which/不填。 例：I like the way (that) you speak. 从句中作主语/宾语：用关系代词。 例：The way that works is simple. 4. 抽象地点名词（situation, case等） 若从句缺状语，用where；否则用关系代词。 例：We reached a point where we had to stop.（状语） 四、常见错误与纠错练习 多余宾语： The book that I bought it is good. The book that I bought is good. 介词错误： The house where he lives in is old. The house where he lives is old. 关系词缺失： Children eat too much sugar often get sick. Children who eat too much sugar often get sick. 五、综合练习 用适当关系词填空： 1.He is the teacher _____ taught me English. 2.This is the reason _____ I was late. 3.The book _____ cover is red is mine.. 4.（2024年高考题）新高考I卷： The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route_____brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. （2024年高考题）新高考II卷：Chinese ... ...