
宾语从句 核心知识点总结: 涵盖定义、结构、考点及易错点,帮助学生高效复习: 宾语从句的定义 宾语从句在复合句中充当主句的宾语,通常由引导词引出,放在及物动词、介词或形容词之后。 结构:主句 + 引导词 + 从句(陈述句语序) - 例:I know (that) he is a teacher. - 例:She asked if I liked music. 三大核心考点 引导词的选择 类型 引导词 用法说明 例句 陈述句 that(可省略) 陈述事实,无疑问含义 He said (that) he was tired. 一般疑问句 if / whether 表示“是否”,句尾无疑问号 I wonder if/whether she will come. 特殊疑问句 what, when, where, why, how, who 等 | 保留原疑问词,但用陈述语序 Do you know where he lives 注意: -whether后可加 or not,但 if不能: I don’t know whether he will come or not. I don’t know if he will come or not. 2. 从句的语序 宾语从句必须用陈述句语序(疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语),不是疑问句倒装语序! - Could you tell me where is the park - Could you tell me **where the park is** - She asked what did I do yesterday. - She asked **what I did yesterday**. 口诀:引导词后跟陈述,主谓顺序不能错! 3.时态一致性 主句时态 从句时态规则 例句 现在时/将来时 根据实际时间灵活变化 He says (that) he likes apples.
He will ask if you are free. 过去时 从句用对应的过去时态 She said (that) she was tired.
He asked when I had finished homework. 客观真理 从句永远用一般现在时 The teacher told us the sun rises in the east. 易错点: - He asked what your name is. (主句过去时,从句需用过去时) - He asked what your name was. 三、特殊注意事项 1. 省略 that 的情况: - 当从句较短且无歧义时,that 可省略: I think (that) he is right. 2. whether 与 if 的区别: - 介词后、不定式前、与 or not 连用时,只能用 whether: We talked about whether to leave. We talked about if to leave. 3. 否定转移: - 当主句谓语是 think, believe 等,且主句主语为第一人称时,从句否定转移到主句: I don’t think he will come. (实际含义:He will not come.) 四、中考高频易错题类型 1. 语序错误: - Do you know where does he live - Do you know where he lives 2. 时态错误: - She asked if I can swim. (主句过去时,从句需用 could) - She asked if I could swim. 3. 引导词混淆: - I don’t know that he is a teacher. (疑问含义用 if/whether) - I don’t know if/whether he is a teacher. 五、复习口诀 “一选引导词,二改陈述序,三看时态变,真理永不变!” 真题演练建议: 1. 熟记引导词的选择规则,区分 if/whether 的特殊情况。 2. 每日练习 5 道语序调整题,强化陈述句语序意识。 3. 整理错题本,重点标注时态和语序错误。 掌握以上内容,宾语从句中考无忧!
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