专题04 猜词题 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断,也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断,既可以考查生词的意义,也可以考查熟词的新意,可以考查替代词的内容。在阅读理解题中,所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围,需要根据语境进行推测其含义。 平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累,还要掌握构词法,和一定的解题技巧。考生应掌握一些猜词技巧,通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。 1. 技巧思维导图 2. 命题方式 题型和考查角度: 1.猜测生词或熟词生义。 2.猜测短语的意义。 3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。 4.猜测句意。 命题方式: The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means . “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as… What do you think the expression “…” stands for What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ” The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by… Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ” What does the author mean by “…” in paragraph 2 3. 选项特点 正确选项特征 将选项代入原文,上下文逻辑通顺。 含义和其字面意思一般没有关系。 干扰项特征 与划线部分词形相似 考查熟词生义时,含有常规词义的往往不正确 3.选项中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般为错误选项。 4. 猜测单词或短语 1.根据定义推测词义: 有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义,如线索词that is, or, namely, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。 2.根据举例推测词义: 有时,划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子,这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。 3.根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义: 表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, similarly, on the contrary, in contrast to等。 4.根据同义词或并列结构推测词义: 在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中,作者为了避免语言的单调和重复,会使用意思相同或相近的词,此时,只要知道其中一个词的意思,就能猜出另一个词的意思。 5.根据构词法推测词义: 英语中的很多词汇,尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的,因此,掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。 6.根据因果关系推测词义: 因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, for , so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so...that, such...that等可知上下句存在因果,从而依据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义。 Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 5. 猜测代词 定关键:返回原文,找到指代词,理清句子结构。 找替代:根据上下文,寻 ... ...
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