2025年牛津译林版中考英语复习.基础知识专项汇总-冠词（含解析）

2.基础知识专项汇总-名词 二、名词 表人名或地名: Simon, Changzhou, ... 专有名词 由普通名词构成的：the Great Wall, the People’s Park, ... 1.名词 不可数名词 knowledge, information, news, truth,health,...milk， bread，... fun, weather, achieve, traffic, progress, furniture... 普通名词 集体名词：family, police, class, team,.... 可数名词 单数：desk， astronaut, ..... 个体名词 复数: desks , astronauts, ....... 单数变复数 ①规则变化： +s, +es,(heroes,tomatoes,potatoes,mangoes,) -y结尾变-ies, -f,-fe结尾变-ves （shelves, thieves, halves...） ②不规则：men, women, Englishmen, Frenchmen, policemen, feet, teeth, children ,mice,... 某国人：记忆口诀：中日不变，英法变，其余s加后面。Chinese, Japanese, Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Americans, Australians, Russians, Italians, Europeans, Canadians....... ③单复数同形式：＊deer, Chinese, Japanese, spacecraft, aircraft, 名词的所有格 ①记住以下所有格形式：Lily and Lucy’s mother(共同占有), Lily’s and Lucy’s bags（分别占有）, someone else’s pencil ②双重所有格：a friend of mine, some books of my father’s ， a picture of his brother 一张他兄弟的照片（本人的） a picture of his brother’s 他兄弟的照片中的一张（不一定是他本人的） ③表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可以在词尾加-‘s构成所有格。 today’s news, ten minutes’ walk/ride/drive, last year’s cards, Beijing’s past and present 表示某人家，店铺 at Mr Green’s, at the doctor’s, ... 名词作定语常用单数： an apple tree →many apple trees, a shoe factory → many shoe factories 注意: a man/woman teacher → many men/women teachers, men’s / women’s clothes 复合形容词中的名词用单数 an 8-year-old boy 5.注意一些名词的可数与不可数的判断。 bring you success/a big success experience(经验） experience(经历） have time （有时间） a good/short time a heavy rain/snow..... 6.名词→→形容词: ①+ y: cloud→cloudy, rainy, snowy, foggy, healthy, lucky,wealthy，tasty... ②+ly: friendly, lovely, lively, lonely,weekly, daily,ugly… (！！一般以ly结尾都 是副词，这几个是特例) ③+ ful: useful, careful, helpful, thankful, harmful, peaceful, ＊grateful，cheerful…. ④+less: useless, careless, helpless, ＊thankless, harmless,endless, homeless... ⑤+ en : wood→wooden, golden, ... ⑥+ ern: eastern, southern, western, northern ⑦+ al: personal, educational, traditional, natural, medical, national, ＊physical(身体的，物理的，物质的),... ⑧+ ous: dangerous, humour→ humorous … ⑨ value - valuable 7. 名词→→名词: tour → tourist art → artist science →scientist … 形容词→→名词: ①后缀-ness: busy→business, happiness, blindness, kindness, illness, sickness,darkness,unhappiness, unkindness,carelessness,… ②-th: strong→strength, length, truth ... ③-ce: different→difference, importance, confidence, silence, ＊patience... ④-dom: wise→wisdom, free→freedom... ⑤其他：difficult→difficulty, safety, purity, height, pleased/pleasant→pleasure, able→ability,… 9.动词→→名词: ①-ing: build→building, meaning, feeling, beginning, swimming, finishing, crossing... ②-er: worker, travel ... ...