ID: 22749767

2025高考英语阅读理解专项突破素材(4份打包)

日期:2025-04-16 科目:英语 类型:高中素材 查看:57次 大小:65487B 来源:二一课件通
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2025,高考,英语,阅读理解,专项,突破
    2025高考英语阅读词义猜测题讲义 一、词义题命题规律与能力图谱 1. 近五年高考命题趋势 考查类型全国卷占比新高考创新方向2025预测难点 生词猜测 38% 科技新造词(如chatGPT-related terms) 多词根复合词解析 熟词僻义 25% 文学语境下的语义迁移 诗歌隐喻中的旧词新解 短语理解 22% 文化特定习语(如"spill the tea") 跨文化交际中的语义解码 代词指代 15% 跨句指代关系(超过2个先行词) 长难句中指代链分析 2. 六大核心能力模型 词素拆解力:识别10类常见词根词缀(如bio-, -phobia) 语境解码力:捕捉6大上下文线索(定义/举例/对比/因果/类比/重述) 跨域联想力:激活多学科知识储备(如化学术语转义) 文化通感力:理解300+高频文化负载词(如"Pandora's box") 逻辑推理力:构建语义关系网络(同义/反义/上下义) 语篇整合力:处理跨段落指代关系(尤其议论文中的观点回指) 3. 名校命题风向标 北京四中:偏好多模态文本猜词(如图表中"volatility"解读) 上海中学:必考文学象征义(如《白鲸记》中"white"的多重含义) 华师一附中:擅长科技隐喻词(如"quantum leap"的非物理意义) 二、7大破解策略与顶尖例题精析 策略1:定义锁钥法(直接定义型) 标记信号词: is defined as, refer to, meaning, that is to say 例题(2025人大附中模拟): 原文:Photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy, is fundamental to life on Earth. 题干:The underlined word "photosynthesis" means _____. A. plant growth cycle B. light-to-energy transformation C. soil nutrient absorption D. carbon dioxide release 解析:破折号后为直接定义,锁定B选项 策略2:例证破译法(举例说明型) 逻辑公式: 例子 = 具体案例 → 抽象概念 例题(2025南京外国语模考): 原文:Many ephemeral artworks exist temporarily, like ice sculptures or chalk street paintings that wash away in rain. 题干:The word "ephemeral" most probably means _____. A. permanent B. short-lived C. controversial D. expensive 解析:例子中的冰雕/粉笔画均具暂时性 → 选B 策略3:反义对照法(对比转折型) 关键标记: but, however, unlike, instead of 例题(2025浙江学军中学模拟): 原文:While traditional classrooms emphasize rote learning, modern pedagogy stresses creative thinking. 题干:The phrase "rote learning" refers to _____. A. innovative exploration B. mechanical memorization C. collaborative discussion D. experimental verification 解析:while引导对比,"creative thinking"的反义 → 选B 策略4:因果推导法(逻辑推理型) 推理路径: 因 → 果 / 果 → 因 例题(2025湖南雅礼中学模拟): 原文:The chemical's volatility caused it to evaporate rapidly upon exposure to air. 题干:The underlined word "volatility" relates to _____. A. stability B. evaporation speed C. toxicity D. density 解析:结果"evaporate rapidly"反推特性 → 选B 策略5:词素解剖法(构词解析型) 常见词根表: 词根含义实例 chrono- 时间 chronicle phil- 爱 philosophy hydro- 水 dehydrate 例题(2025深圳中学模拟): 原文:Antibiotics combat bacterial infections by inhibiting microbial growth. 题干:The word "antibiotics" can be understood through its prefix "anti-" meaning _____. A. supporting B. against C. before D. within 解析:anti-表示"对抗" → 选B 策略6:文化解码法(典故类词汇) 高频文化词库: Achilles' heel(致命弱点) cat ... ...

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