高考英语语法复习 讲义（虚拟语气）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 高考英语虚拟语气复习学案 一、学习目标 1. 掌握虚拟语气在条件句、名词性从句、特殊句式中的结构与用法。 2. 区分真实条件句与虚拟条件句，攻克“混合虚拟”“倒装省略”“情态动词+have done”等高频考点。 3. 能在写作中准确运用虚拟语气表达假设、愿望、建议等抽象概念。 二、核心知识梳理 （一）虚拟语气的本质与应用场景 定义： 虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设、主观愿望或建议，谓语动词需用特殊形式。 核心逻辑：通过动词形式变化（如过去式、过去分词、should+动词原形等）体现“非真实”含义。 典型场景： 条件句（如“如果我是你”） 愿望句（如“我希望我能飞”） 建议/命令句（如“他建议我们立刻出发”） 含蓄虚拟（如“but for your help”） （二）虚拟条件句的核心结构 1. 三种基本时态的虚拟条件句 假设类型 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句 与现在事实相反 过去式（be动词用were） would/could/might+动词原形 If I were you, I would accept the offer. 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 would/could/might+have done If you had studied hard, you would have passed. 与将来事实相反 ①过去式 ②should+动词原形 would/could/might+动词原形 If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home. 2. 混合虚拟语气（从句与主句时态不一致） 例句： If you had studied hard before, you would know the answer now. （从句：与过去相反；主句：与现在相反） 3. 虚拟条件句的省略与倒装 省略if：若从句含were/should/had，可省略if并将were/should/had提前至句首。 If I were you... → Were I you... If you should fail... → Should you fail... If he had known... → Had he known... 4. 含蓄虚拟条件句（无if引导词） 通过介词短语表达： but for（要不是）、without（没有）、otherwise（否则） But for your help, I would have failed.（=If you hadn’t helped me...） 通过上下文暗示： I was busy yesterday. Otherwise, I would have come.（=If I hadn’t been busy...） （三）名词性从句中的虚拟语气 1. 宾语从句 表建议、命令、要求的动词（如suggest, order, require, insist）： 从句用**(should)+动词原形**，should可省略。 He suggested that we (should) start early. The teacher ordered that the classroom (should) be cleaned immediately. 注意：insist表“坚持认为”时用陈述语气，表“坚持要求”时用虚拟语气。 He insisted that he was right.（陈述语气） He insisted that I (should) apologize.（虚拟语气） 2. 主语从句 固定句型： It is necessary/important/strange that... It is suggested/recommended that... 从句用**(should)+动词原形**。 It is important that we (should) protect the environment. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be postponed. 3. 表语从句与同位语从句 当先行词为suggestion, advice, request等表“建议、要求”的名词时，从句用**(should)+动词原形**。 My suggestion is that we (should) go there on foot.（表语从句） We all agree with his advice that we (should) start at once.（同位语从句） （四）特殊句式中的虚拟语气 1. wish引导的愿望句 愿望类型 从句谓语形式 例句 与现在相反 过去式（be动词用were） I wish I were a bird. 与过去相反 had+过去分词 I wish I had taken your advice. 与将来相反 would/could+动词原形 I wish I would succeed next time. 2. as if/as though引导的方式状语从句 与事实相反时用虚拟语气： He talks as if he knew everything.（与现在相反） She act ... ...