ID: 22820652

中考英语语法复习学案(定语从句)

日期:2025-04-24 科目:英语 类型:初中学案 查看:39次 大小:155648B 来源:二一课件通
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中考,英语,语法,习学,定语,从句
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 中考英语定语从句复习学案 一、定语从句基础概念 (一)定义 定语从句是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句,相当于形容词的作用,用于限定先行词的范围或特征。被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词称为关系词。 例句:The student who answered the question is my classmate. (先行词:the student;关系词:who;定语从句:who answered the question) (二)关系词的双重作用 1. 连接作用:连接主句和定语从句。 2. 指代作用:指代先行词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语。 二、关系词分类及详细用法 (一)关系代词(指代人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或定语) 1. who:指代人,在从句中作主语或宾语(口语中可代替whom作宾语)。 例句:The man who spoke at the meeting is a professor.(作主语) 例句:The girl who/whom you met yesterday is my sister.(作宾语) 2. whom:指代人,在从句中作宾语(正式文体中常用,可与who互换或省略)。 例句:The teacher whom we admire is retiring next year.(作宾语,可省略) 3. whose:指代人或物,在从句中作定语,表示所属关系(=先行词+of which/whom)。 例句:This is the writer whose book won the prize.(指人,作定语) 例句:The house whose windows face south is very bright.(指物,可转换为:the windows of which face south) 4. which:指代物,在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)。 例句:The movie which was shown last week was a hit.(作主语) 例句:The pen which I lost has been found.(作宾语,可省略) 5. that:指代人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)。 例句:The person that is waiting for you is my friend.(指人,作主语) 例句:The car that he bought is very expensive.(指物,作宾语) (二)关系副词(指代时间、地点、原因,在从句中作状语) 1. when:指代时间(如day, year, moment等),在从句中作时间状语(=介词+which)。 例句:I still remember the day when we first met.(=on which we first met) 2. where:指代地点(如place, city, house等),在从句中作地点状语(=介词+which)。 例句:This is the school where my mother works.(=in which my mother works) 3. why:指代原因(仅用于先行词为reason的情况),在从句中作原因状语(=for+which)。 例句:Do you know the reason why he was late (=for which he was late) 三、关系词选择的核心逻辑 (一)根据先行词在从句中的语法功能选择 1. 作主语或宾语:用关系代词(who/whom/which/that)。 例句:The book that/which you need is on the shelf.(先行词book作need的宾语) 2. 作状语:用关系副词(when/where/why)或“介词+关系代词”。 例句: This is the room where I study.(先行词room作study的地点状语) This is the room in which I study.(in+which=where) (二)关系代词that的特殊用法 1. 只能用that的情况: 先行词为不定代词(all, everything, nothing, something等): 例句:All that he told me is true. 先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰: 例句:This is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited. 先行词同时含有人和物: 例句:We talked about the people and things that we experienced. 2. 不能用that的情况: 引导非限制性定语从句(从句与主句用逗号隔开): 例句:My hometown, which is famous for tea, has a long history.(不可用that) 先行词为which或who时(避免重复): 例句:Which is the car that hit hi ... ...

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