
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 中考英语情态动词学案 一、情态动词的多维本质与语法特征 定义:情态动词是表示说话人情感、态度或推测的一类动词,必须与动词原形连用,没有人称和数的变化(除have to外)。 核心语法特征: 1. 后接原形:情态动词 + do(如can swim, must be)。 2. 否定直接加not:can → can’t, must → mustn’t。 3. 疑问直接提前:May I go → May I go 4. 无人称变化:He can play vs. I can play(can形式不变)。 二、中考八大核心情态动词深度解析 1. Can(能力/请求) 现在能力:I can ride a bike.(强调具备技能) 过去能力(could):She could read at age 4.(过去具备的能力) 请求许可(口语化):Can I borrow your eraser (较随意场合) 否定推测(不可能):That can’t be Lucy—she’s in Japan.(把握性强) 拓展: Could可表委婉请求(无过去含义):Could you help me (= Can you help me 更礼貌) 2. May(许可/推测) 正式许可:May I leave the classroom (用于师生、上下级等正式场景) 可能性推测(中低概率):It may rain tomorrow.(可能性低于must,高于might) 否定回答:—May I smoke —No, you mustn’t.(禁止用mustn’t,不允许用may not) 拓展: Might是may的过去式,也可表更委婉的请求或更低的可能性:Might I suggest a plan 3. Must(必须/肯定推测) 主观义务(必须):You must wear a seatbelt.(法律/规则要求) 肯定推测(一定):He must be at home—his car is outside.(把握性接近100%) 否定形式mustn’t(禁止):You mustn’t play with fire.(= Don’t play with fire.) 关键考点: Must提问的否定回答用needn’t(不必): —Must I finish the work today —No, you needn’t.(≠ No, you mustn’t.) 4. Have to(客观义务) 无人称/时态变化: 一般现在时:He has to get up early.(三单加has) 一般过去时:I had to walk home yesterday.(过去式had) 与must的对比: Must强调主观意愿(I must study hard.); Have to强调客观被迫(I have to pay the bill.)。 否定形式:don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to(不必): You don’t have to come early.(= You needn’t come early.) 5. Need(需要) 情态动词(用于否定/疑问): 疑问句:Need he attend the meeting (= Does he need to attend ) 否定句:You needn’t bring anything.(= You don’t have to bring anything.) 实义动词(用于肯定句): He needs to buy a new book.(三单加s,后接to do) 经典辨析: Need I go (情态动词,直接提问) Do I need to go (实义动词,借助助动词do) 6. Should(建议/责任) 表建议(应该):You should drink more water.(比must语气弱,表推荐) 表责任/义务:Students should respect teachers.(社会规范要求) 拓展: Should可用于虚拟语气(If it should rain, we’d stay),表“万一”。 7. Would(委婉请求/过去意愿) 委婉请求(比will更礼貌):Would you like to join us (邀请时常用) 过去习惯性动作:When I was young, I would go fishing every weekend.(= used to do) 固定搭配: Would like to do = Want to do(I would like to visit Paris)。 8. Ought to(理应) 语气强于should:You ought to finish your duties.(强调责任) 否定形式:oughtn’t to(You oughtn’t to be late)。 三、中考核心考点与易混点突破 考点1:情态动词表推测的语气层级 情态动词 肯定推测(语气由强到弱) 否定推测(语气由强到弱) 强 must(一定) can’t(不可能) 中 may(可能) may not(可能不) 弱 ... ...
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