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课件网) 专题7 动词和动词短语 语法导航 知识点构主干 砥志研思 语法点摸脉络 系动词、助动词和实义动词 考法1 系动词 考点一 动词 类别 例词 表示状态 be(是),keep(保持),stay(保持),remain(保持),seem(似乎,好像)等 类别 例词 表示感官 look(看起来),sound(听起来),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),feel(摸起来) 表示状态变化 become,get,turn,go等 其他 come (true),fall (asleep)等 【注意】 系动词后接形容词作表语。 You should keep quiet.你应当保持安静。 考法2 助动词 用法 例句 构成否定句或疑问句 He doesn't go to school on Sunday. Did you go home last week? 构成时态或被动语态 They have learned English for four years. The classroom is cleaned every day. 加强语气 I do hope you will stay for supper. 考法3 实义动词 (1)及物动词和不及物动词 用法 例句 及物动词:必须接宾语 He missed his parents. 不及物动词:不能直接接宾语 My brother is coming. (2)延续性动词和非延续性动词 ①延续性动词:表示一种持续的动作或状态,如:live,work,wait,keep等。 ②非延续性动词:表示行为或过程是瞬间完成的,如buy,die,borrow,leave等。 用法 例句 延续性动词:能与表示时间段的状语连用 I have lived here for 10 years. 非延续性动词:不能与表示时间段的状语连用 He left the office five minutes ago. 【注意】 如果非延续性动词要与表示时间段的状语连用,必须用其他词代替。 buy→have,borrow→keep,die→be dead,leave→be away,begin→be on等。 ( ) I have bought the house for 3 years. ( ) I have had the house for 3 years. 我买这个房子三年了。 × √ 情态动词 考法1 情态动词的用法 考法2 常用的情态动词 can 表示能力,“能;会” She can swim. 表示许可,“可以” Can I use your pen? must 表示主观意愿,“必须” You must get there before 8:00 a.m.tomorrow. 一般疑问句的否定回答用needn't或 don't have to —Must I attend the meeting? —No,you needn't/ don't have to. may 表示请求或许可,“可以” May I go out now? 一般疑问句的否定回答用can't或mustn't —Must I borrow her bike? —No,you can't/ mustn't. need “需要”,常用在否定句或疑问句中 You needn't get up early tomorrow. 一般疑问句的肯定回答常用must —Need I fill in the form now? —Yes,you must. should 表示建议,“应该” You should see the doctor at once. have to “必须;不得不”,强调客观的需要 I have to go to the hospital now. 有人称、数和时态的变化,变否定句和疑问句要借助do,does或did Does Mary have to leave now? 【注意】 need作实义动词时,有人称、数和时态的变化。 ①need 后接名词或动词不定式,构成否定句或疑问句时要用助动词do,does 或did。 He doesn't need to buy such an expensive gift.他不必买这么贵重的礼物。 ②sth.needs doing 表示“某事需要被做”,主动形式表示被动含义,相当于need to be done。 My watch needs repairing.=My watch needs to be repaired. 我的手表需要修理了。 (1)肯定推测 考法3 情态动词表推测 词汇 用法 例句 must “一定”,表示非常有把握的肯定推测 They must be very tired after a long walk. could “可能”,语气缓和 This could be true. may “可能”,表示把握不大的推测 It may rain tomorrow. might “可能”,可能性低于may He might be at home. (2)否定推测 ... ...