专题十 语 态 英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。谓语动词为主动语态的句子叫主动句,谓语动词为被动语态的句子叫被动句。 一、各种时态的被动语态 被动语态由“主语+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。 结 构 例 句 一般现在时: 主语+am/is/are+过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day. 这间教室每天都打扫。 一般过去时: 主语+was/were+过去分词 Our school was built in 1998.我们的学校在1998年建造。 一般将来时: 主语+shall/will+be+过去分词 The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 运动会明天举行。 现在进行时: 主语+am/is/are+being+过去分词 The car is being repaired. 这辆汽车正在修理中。 过去进行时: 主语+was/were+being+过去分词 The machine was being painted then. 那时那台机器正在上油漆。 现在完成时: 主语+has/have+been+过去分词 The bank has been built. 银行已经建成了。 过去完成时: 主语+had+been+过去分词 I had been invited to visit Japan before I came here. 在来这里之前我已经被邀请访问日本了。 过去将来时: 主语+should/would+be+过去分词 Ann told me she would be sent to America.安告诉我她将被派往美国。 含有情态动词的被动语态: 主语+情态动词+be+过去分词 The bike can’t be put here.这辆自行车不能被放在这里。 【拓展】 主动语态变被动语态的一般方法 (1)将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语。把主动句里的宾格人称代词改为主格形式。 (2)把主动句的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”,be动词的人称和数随新的主语(原句中的宾语)而改变,时态保持不变。 (3)将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。 具体如下图所示: 二、特殊形式的被动语态 1.主动句中谓语是动词短语时,变为被动句时要注意其完整性。例如: Jack turned on the TV just now. →The TV was turned on by Jack just now. 2.主动句中感官动词see、hear、watch、feel等和使役动词make、let、have等后跟省略to的动词不定式,变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号to。如: We saw an alien get out of the UFO. →An alien was seen to get out of the UFO. 3.带双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,可以把间接宾语(人)改为主语,或者把直接宾语(物)改为主语,此时间接宾语前必须加介词to或for。如: She will lend me some money. →I will be lent some money by her. →Some money will be lent to me by her. 她将借一些钱给我。 My father bought me a computer. →I was bought a computer by my father. →A computer was bought for me by my father. 我父亲给我买了一台电脑。 【温馨提示】 按英语习惯,在bring、give、hand、lend、offer、 pass、sell、show、take、tell等动词后通常用介词to来引出间接宾语;在build、buy、cook、 choose、find、fix、get、make、order、paint、sing等动词后通常用介词for来引出间接宾语。 3年淮安、江苏真题 Ⅰ.单项选择 1.(2024·扬州中考)As we all know, the Yangtze River _____as a “mother river” of the Chinese nation. A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known 2.(2024·连云港中考)Robot dogs _____as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A.use B.used C.are used D.were used 3.(2023·徐州中考)The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It _____by people of all ages. A.is loved B.was loved C.will love D.is loving 4.(2023·镇江中考)When I was a pupil, some of my ... ...
