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课件网) 句子成分与结构 句子成分 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 同位语 S V O 主语 (Subject) 谓语(Predicate) 宾语 (Object) 定语 (Attribute) 状语 (Adverbial) 补语 (Complement) 表语 (Predicative) 一.主语(S) 句子的主体,全句述说的对象,作者或说话人要谈论的人、物、事,一般由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词或从句充当,常置于句首。 例如:1. I like eating. 2. Xuanwushan is a 4A level place of interest. 什么人,什么事 1. We speak English in class. 2. To see is to believe. 3. Smoking is bad for our health. 4. China is a big country. 即学即练:划出句子的主语。 (代词) (动词不定式) (动名词) (名词) 二.谓语(V) 一般由动词充当, 说明主语的动作或状态。 一般位于主语之后。 eg:1. I like eating. 2. The plane took off at 10 o'clock. 二.谓语(V) (2) 复合谓语:情态动词/助动词 + 动词原形 系动词 + 表语 eg: 1. He can speak English well. 2. We are students. 3. Your idea sounds great. :由 或 充当。 动词 动词短语 简单谓语 (1) 即学即练:选出句中谓语。 1. I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't like B. on C. picture D. wall 2. Li Hua found the book interesting. A. found B. book C. interesting D. Li Hua 3. I often go to school by bus. A. I B. often C. go D. bus 4. There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon A A A C 三、宾语(O) 在句子中主要充当动作的承受者,由名词或相当于名词的词充当,一般位于 及物动词(vt.)或 介词 (prep.)后。 eg: 1. I like football. 2. Tom lost his life in the fire. 即学即练:判断下列句子划线部分是否为宾语。 1. He wanted to leave here. ( ) 2. I often help my mother do housework. ( ) 3. She learns English well. ( ) 4. My father and my mother watch TV every evening. ( ) √ × × √ 记忆口诀: 主语放句首; 谓语放主语后,快把动词找; 宾语 放于动词、介词后。 Att 定语 Attributive 定语 修饰和限定主语或宾语。由名词,代词,介词短语,形容词,数词,非谓语动词,副词,从句等作定语。 单个的词作定语常放在它所修饰的词之前,短语或从句作定语常放在所修饰词之后。 My school is larger than hers. She likes the yellow dress. The car which is black is mine. Adv 状语 Adverbial 状语是修饰和限定动词,形容词,副词和整个句子的成分。 能充当状语的有:副词,介词短语,非谓语动词,少数形容词,独立结构,从句等。 状语按其用途可分为:时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,条件,让步,程度,方式,伴随,比较等种类。 Frankly, I have no money. In order to find a better job, he studies very hard. If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. C 宾语补足语 Object Complement 宾语补足语 表示 对宾语的补充说明。名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,非谓语动词都可以做宾语补足语。 We should keep our room clean and tidy. My mother doesn't allow me to go out alone in the evening. He found it very interesting to ride a horse on the farm. 句子结构 句子的基本结构指的是简单句的几种基本句型: 主谓,主谓宾,主系表,主谓间直宾和主谓宾补。 句型结构: 主谓 S+V Time flies! We laughed. 主谓宾 S+V+O I can speak English. I miss my grandma. 主系表 S+P 常见的系动词是be动词 I am a student. ... ...