(
课件网) 阅读能力突破篇 专题一 阅读理解 第8讲 体裁破解———议论文 高频考点 研析透 议论文，也叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。文章主要是中外广泛关注的社会话题和热点问题，作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非等手法，大多以“总—分—总”的结构行文，即“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”。议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证，其目的是说服他人、宣扬观点，或者说服读者接受某种意见或采取某种行动。 ●辨明题类 议论文阅读理解难度相对比较大，命题角度多样化，细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题、主旨大意题都有可能出现。因此，在阅读议论文时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读原文，再区分事实和观点，明确论点、论证和论据，把握作者最后得出的结论。 ●技法点拨 研读首段，确定论点：议论文的主旨，即论点往往在首段，尤其是首段中有however，but等转折词时，其后的内容便是论点。 细读中间段，把握论证方式：中间段是文章的主体部分，即论证部分，作者会用两个或两个以上的段落通过举例、引用、对比、列数字、引用事实和理论等进行论证，这一部分往往与细节理解题的考查点相对应。 关注尾段，理解结论：尾段是结论部分，要弄清楚作者所得出的结论。 ●真题体验 (2024·全国甲卷·阅读理解D) “I didn't like the ending，” I said to my favorite college professor.It was my junior year of undergraduate, and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature.I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot, and I was heartbroken with the ending.Prof.Gracie, with all his patience, asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome.Of course, I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver, but the ending they got did make the most sense for them. This was an aha moment for me, and I never thought about endings the same way again.From then on, if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy, I'd pick up a love romance.If I wanted an ending I couldn't guess, I'd pick up a mystery (悬疑小说)．One where I kind of knew what was going to happen, historical fiction.Choosing what to read became easier. But writing the end—that's hard.It's hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers.You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn't seem to come from nowhere, one that fits what's right for the characters. That's why this issue (期) of Writer's Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you're doing.If it's short stories, Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing.Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work. This issue won't tell you what your ending should be—that's up to you and the story you're telling—but it m ... ...
