(
课件网) Developing ideas — Writing Unit 6 Nature in words Learning objectives 1. To analyse the rhetoric devices used in the poem; 2. To write a poem about nature. l(a le af fa ll s) one l iness (“a leaf falls with loneliness” by E.E. Cummings.) a. Read the poems and pay attention to the figures of speech. Pre-writing Twinkle, twinkle, little star， How I wonder what you are！ Up above the world so high， Like a diamond in the sky. (from “The Star” by Jane Taylor) b. She wore her yellow sun-bonnet, She wore her greenest gown; She turned to the south wind And curtsied up and down. She turned to the sunlight And shook her yellow head, And whispered to her neighbour: “Winter is dead.” (“Daffodowndilly” by A. A. Milne) c. Appreciation of the first poem. l(a le af fa ll s) one l iness 这首诗的排版既强化了它要传达的信息，又会加强读者的情感回应。loneliness 意为“孤独，寂寞”，诗句中的 loneliness 被单独放在括号外，强调了这个词本身的含义。 a leaf falls 中包含的字母被括号括了起来，并被分隔在不同的诗行之中。有的诗行放了一个字母，有的诗行放了两个字母，以此表达一片树叶独自飘落的意象。这些字母的位置也映现出树叶摇摇摆摆飘落到地面之前的轨迹。 Three figures of speech used in poems. 诗歌中常使用明喻 simile、暗喻 metaphor 和拟人personification 这三种修辞手法。 1.明喻是将两个不同的事物做比较，展示二者的相同之处。明喻一般借助 like 或 as 这样的词来描绘相似之处。例如： a. The mountains were like enormous shadows on the horizon. 群山就像地平线上的巨大阴影。 b. Her cheeks are red like a rose. 她的脸颊像玫瑰一样红。 2. 暗喻是将两个不相关但具有某些共同特征的事物进行含蓄的、暗示的或隐含的比较。例如： That test was a total breeze. 那次考试真是易如反掌。 breeze 意为“微风”，也可以指代“轻而易举的事”因此，这句话表示考试并不难。 3. 拟人是指把人类的情感、欲望、感觉、手势和语言赋予人类以外的事物。这些人类以外的事物可以是物体、事件、动植物等。例如： The branches waved in the wind. 树枝在风中摇曳。 b. The sun was smiling. 太阳在微笑。 Learning to learn: What is rhyme Rhyme is a typical feature of English poetry. A rhyme is a repetition of similar sounds (or the same sound) in two or more words. Children’s poems, called “nursery rhymes”, usually contain strong rhymes so they are easy to be remembered. In modem poetry, however, features other than rhyme are more important. Lines of modern poetry can be of variable length, the shape of the words on the page is more important and rhyme is not often used. Read the poems again and tick the correct box(es) for each question. Which poem … a b c … uses its shape to help convey message … has rhyming words at the end of lines … uses metaphor … uses simile … uses personification √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Think about words and expressions related to nature and add them to the mind map. While-writing NATURE sea mountains rainforest sky river grassland weather birds; tropical; broad-leaved trees; humid; animals … rolling; steep; hilly; snow-capped … lots of fish; waves; tid ... ...
