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课件网) Unit 1 Face values Using Language Learning objectives 1. To know the usage of subject clauses 2. To use subject clauses correctly that That he made such a mistake surprised us. It surprised us that he made such a surprise. whether Whether he will come is not clear. It is not clear whether he will come. if 是否,不可用于句首,需要用it作形式主语 It is not clear if he will come. what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which, whichever when, where, why, how 我们很惊讶他犯了这样一个错误 it作形式主语 他是否会来还不清楚。 it作形式主语 他是否会来还不清楚。 (一)从属连词:that, whether That she was chosen made us very happy. 她当选了使我们很高兴。 Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她来不来还是一个问题。 That his theory was flawed soon became obvious. 他的理论是有瑕疵的,这很快就变得显而易见。 It is strange that the door is open. 门开着,这很奇怪。 (二)连接代词:who, which, whoever等。 who, which, what可以和ever构成合成词,和what一样引导从句,ever起到强调作用。 此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导,它们在句子中充当成分,不能省略,语序为陈述语序,既有疑问含义,又起到连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。 Which side will win is not clear. 哪一方会赢还不清楚。 Whatever he did is right. 他做的一切都是对的。 (三)连接副词:when, where, why, how等。 连接副词既有疑问含义,又起连接作用,同时在从句中充当各种成分。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这件事是怎么发生的,谁也不清楚。 When we'll start tomorrow will be told soon. 我们明天什么时候出发将很快被告知。 Where the test will be given is not yet decided. 考试在哪里举行还没有决定。 主语从句中引导词的区别: (一)that与what what既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等),这时what相当于all that/everything that...,常译为“所……的(东西、事情、话等)”; 而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不充当任何句子成分。 What is done can't be undone. 已成定局,无可挽回。 That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true. 一位新老师将来教我们地理,这是真的。 (二)if与whether if和whether引导动词后的宾语从句时一般可通用,但介词后的宾语从句、主语从句(放在句首时)、表语从句常由whether引导。 Whether we shall raise ducks or geese remains to be decided. 我们养鸭还是养鹅仍没决定。 = It remains to be decided whether/ if we shall raise ducks or geese. (三)以it做形式主语的主语从句与强调句的区别: 主语从句:It be+ adj./n. +that clause. 强调句:It be... that... It is surprising that Lucy won the contest. 令人惊奇的是露西居然赢得了比赛。 It is Lucy that has won the contest. 正是露西赢得了比赛。 主语从句 强调句 句①中,若删掉其中的It be和that,剩余部分无论是结构上还是语意上都不能成为一个句子,但句②中,如果去掉It be和that,剩余部分仍是成分、语意完整的句子;强调句在翻译时可加上“正是……”或“就是”之类的字眼,而主语从句则不可以。 1. 谁将去接他还没有确定(pick)。 _____ hasn't been decided yet. 2. 我们是否能按时完成工作还不知道(finish)。 _____ remains unknown. 3. 你喜不喜欢他都与我无关(like)。 _____ is none ... ...